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English Wikipedia references for Yale.edu 1-50 of 3987
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| Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly referred to as the Articles of Confederation, was the first constitution of the thirteen United States of America. The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft the 'Articles' in June 1776 and proposed the draft to the States for ratification in November 1777. Articles_of_Confederation | |
| American Civil War The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the U.S. federal government (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states in the north. American_Civil_War | |
| Antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also known as Judeophobia) is a term used to describe prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their religion, culture, or ethnic background.While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, it has been used exclusively to refer to hostility toward Jews since its initial usage. Antisemitism | |
| American (word) American in the English language varies, according to the historic, geographic, and political context in which it is used. It derives from America, a term originally denoting all of the New World (also called "the Americas"). It retains this Pan-American sense, but its usage evolved over time, and due to various historical reasons the word came to denote people or things specifically from the United States of America. American_(word) | |
| Ada Byron's notes on the analytical engine Ada_Byron's_notes_on_the_analytical_engine | |
| Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829military governor of Florida (1821), commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans (1815), and eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. A polarizing figure who dominated American politics in the 1820s and 1830s, his political ambition combined with widening political participation, shaping the modern Democratic Party. Andrew_Jackson | |
| Allele An allele ( (UK), (US)) (from the Greek αλληλος allelos, meaning each other) is one member of a pair or series of different forms of a gene. Usually alleles are coding sequences, but sometimes the term is used to refer to a non-coding sequence. An individual's genotype for that gene is the set of alleles it happens to possess. In diploid organisms (two copies of each chromosome) including humans, two alleles make up the individual's genotype. Alleles are represented in a Punnett square. Allele | |
| Augustine of Hippo Talk:Augustine_of_Hippo | |
| Antisemitism in the Arab world Antisemitism in the Arab world refers to discrimination against Jews. While Arabs are also a Semitic people, the modern meaning of the English term "antisemitism" refers exclusively to discrimination against Jews (see Antisemitism).Arab antisemitism is believed to have expanded since the 19th century. Jews, like other minority groups within the Muslim world, were subject to various restrictions long before that (see Dhimmi). Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world | |
| Anti-globalization movement The anti-globalization movement is critical of the globalization of capitalism. Participants base their criticisms on a number of related ideas. What is shared is that participants stand in opposition to the unregulated political power of large, multi-national corporations and to the powers exercised through trade agreements. Anti-globalization_movement | |
| Andrei Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov () (May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989) was an eminent Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. Andrei_Sakharov | |
| Alphabet song An alphabet song is any of various songs used to teach children the alphabet, used in kindergartens, pre-schools and homes around the world. Alphabet songs typically follow the alphabetic principle (though the phonics method offers variants), which in languages like English with morphophonemic variation, represents a particular modality of pronunciation (ie. "cake" is , not ). Alphabet_song | |
| Belgium Belgium | |
| Bill Clinton William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He was the third-youngest president; only Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy were younger when entering office. Bill_Clinton | |
| Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. Benjamin_Franklin | |
| Benoît Mandelbrot Benoît B. Mandelbrot (born 20 November 1924) is a French mathematician, best known as the father of fractal geometry. He is Sterling Professor of Mathematical Sciences, Emeritus at Yale University; IBM Fellow Emeritus at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center; and Battelle Fellow at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Benoît_Mandelbrot | |
| Black people The term black people usually refers to a racial group of humans with a dark brown skin color, but it has also been used to categorise a number of diverse populations into one common group. Some definitions of the term include only people of relatively recent Sub Saharan African descent (see African diaspora). Black_people | |
| Balfour Declaration of 1917 The Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated 2 November 1917) was a formal statement of policy by the British government stating that "His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." Balfour_Declaration_of_1917 | |
| B. F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 psychologist, author, inventor, advocate for social reform, and poet. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. He invented the operant conditioning chamber, innovated his own philosophy of science called Radical Behaviorism, and founded his own school of experimental research psychologyexperimental analysis of behavior. B._F._Skinner | |
| Blizzard Entertainment Blizzard_Entertainment | |
| Common law Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals (called case law), rather than through legislative statutes or executive action.Common law is law created and refined by judgeslegal case depends on decisions in previous cases and affects the law to be applied in future cases. When there is no authoritative statement of the law, judges have the authority and duty to make law by creating precedent. Common_law | |
| Computer/Archive 3 Talk:Computer/Archive_3 | |
| Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (Československo; from 1990 ) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have a de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czech government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this time period. Czechoslovakia | |
| History of Cambodia Archaeological evidence indicates that parts of the region now called Cambodia were inhabited from around 1000-2000 BCE by a Neolithic culture that may have migrated from South Eastern China to the Indochinese Peninsula. By the first century CE, the inhabitants had developed relatively stable, organized societies which had far surpassed the primitive stage in culture and technical skills. History_of_Cambodia | |
| Chile Chile | |
| Economy of Chile Chile has a dynamic market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio Aylwin - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Economy_of_Chile | |
| Costa Rica Costa_Rica | |
| Economy of Costa Rica The economy of Costa Rica heavily depends on tourism, agriculture, and electronics exports. Poverty has been reduced over the past 15 years, and a social safety net put into place. Economic growth rebounded from -0.9% in 1996 to 4% in 1997, 6% in 1998, 7% in 1999.According to the CIA World Factbook, Costa Rica's GDP per capita is US$11,100; however, this developing country still faces the second highest inflation rate in Latin America, lack of maintenance and new investment in infrastructure, over 610,000 (16%) people below the poverty line and just over 270,000 (6.6%) unemployed. Economy_of_Costa_Rica | |
| History of Cuba Guanajatabey people, who migrated to the island from the forests of the South American mainland as long ago as 5300 BCE. The Guanajatabeyes, who numbered about 170,000, were hunters, gatherers, and farmers. They were to cultivate cohiba (tobacco), a crop upon which the island's economy would one day depend. History_of_Cuba | |
| Foreign relations of Cuba Cuba's once-ambitious foreign policy has been scaled back and redirected as a result of economic hardship after the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Without massive Soviet subsidies and its primary trading partner Cuba was comparatively isolated in the 1990s, but has since entered bilateral co-operation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia. Foreign_relations_of_Cuba | |
| Cyprus Cyprus | |
| Civil Rights Memorial The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama is a memorial to 40 people who died in the struggle for equal and integrated treatment of people of European and African descent. The memorial is sponsored by the Southern Poverty Law Center.The names included belong to those who died between 1954 and 1968. Civil_Rights_Memorial | |
| Cement cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term "opus caementicium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. Cement | |
| Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and the CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven southern slave states of the United States of America, each of which had previously declared their secession from the United States. The CSA's de facto control over its claimed territory varied during the course of the American Civil War, depending on the success of its military. Confederate_States_of_America | |
| Creed A creed is a statement of belief—usually religious belief—or faith often recited as part of a religious service. The word derives from the for I believe and credimus for we believe. It is sometimes called symbol (), signifying a "token" by which persons of like beliefs might recognize each other.The most definitive creed in Christianity is the Nicene Creed, formulated in AD 325 at the First Council of Nicaea. Creed | |
| Foreign policy of the United States The foreign policy of the United States is the policy by which the United States interacts with foreign nations. United States foreign policy is highly influential on the world stage, as it is the only remaining superpower. The global reach of the United States is backed by a 13 trillion dollar economy, the largest in the world of all countries formally recognized by the United States for which data is available is here; the military expenditures for said countries is available here; and the political details are available on the main United States page here here. Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States | |
| Code of Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi (Codex Hammurabi) is a well-preserved ancient law code, created ca.middle chronology) in ancient Babylon. It was enacted by the sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi. Only one example of the Code survives today, inscribed on a seven foot, four inch tall basalt in the Akkadian language in the cuneiform script. Code_of_Hammurabi | |
| Dominican Republic Dominican_Republic | |
| Deforestation Deforestation is the logging and/or burning of trees in the forested area. There are several reasons for doing socharcoal can be sold as a commodity and used by humans, while cleared land is used as pasture, plantations of commodities and human settlement. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. Deforested regions often degrade into wasteland. Deforestation | |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general in the United States Army. During the Second World War, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45. In 1951, he became the first supreme commander of NATO. Dwight_D._Eisenhower | |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen () is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, the rights of Man are universal:human nature itself. Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen | |
| Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes itself manifest primarily as a difficulty with the visual notation of speech or written language, particularly with reading the various man-made writing systems. It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate reading instruction, This suggests that dyslexia results from differences in how the brain processes written and spoken language. Dyslexia | |
| Democide Democide is a term coined by political scientist R. J. Rummel for "the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder." Rummel created the term as an extended concept to include forms of government murder that are not covered by the legal definition of genocide, and it has found currency among other scholars. Democide | |
| Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company (; ) was a company of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx (1567-1647?). On June 3, 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America. Dutch_West_India_Company | |
| Economics Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek ', "management of a household, administration") from ', "house") + ', "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Economics | |
| Earth Earth | |
| Epistemology Epistemology (from Greek ἐπιστήμη - episteme-, "knowledge, science" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge. It addresses the questions What is knowledge? Epistemology | |
| Edward Sapir Edward Sapir (), (January 26 1884 February 4 1939) was a Jewish-German-American anthropologist-linguist and a leader in American structural linguistics. He was one of the creators of what is now called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. He is arguably the most influential figure in American linguistics, influencing several generations of linguists across several schools of the discipline. Edward_Sapir | |
| Erosion For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology)For use of in dermatopathology, see Erosion (dermatopathology)Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity; or by living organisms, such as burrowing animals, in the case of bioerosion. Erosion | |
| Eli Whitney, Jr. Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 inventor best known as the inventor of the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the industrial revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost his profits in legal battles over patent infringement, closed his business, and nearly filed bankruptcy. Eli_Whitney,_Jr. |
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