| Arab An Arab (, ʿarabi) is a person who identifies as such on ethnic, linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs (العرب al-ʿarab), refers to the ethnocultural group at large.Though the Arabic language is older, Arabic culture was first spread in the Middle East beginning in the 2nd century as culturally Arab Christians such as the Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Banu Judham began migrating into the Syrian Desert and the Levant. Arab
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| Foreign relations of Brazil The Ministry of External Relations is responsible for managing the foreign relations of Brazil. Brazil is a significant political and economic power in Latin America and a key player on the world stage. Brazil's foreign policy reflects its role as an emerging world power and is designed to help protect the country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity. Foreign_relations_of_Brazil
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| Bengal Bengal
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| Clipperton Island Clipperton Island () is a nine-square-kilometre (approx. 3.5 square mile) coral atoll in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, southwest of Mexico and west of Central America, at . It has no permanent inhabitants. Its status is sui generis as an overseas possession of France under the direct authority of the French government, administered by the Minister of Overseas France. Clipperton_Island
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| History of Comoros History of Comoros is perhaps 1500 years old. It has been inhabited by various groups throughout this time. France colonised the islands in the 19th century. Comoros finally became independent in 1971 History_of_Comoros
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| Consul Consul
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| Caliph The Caliph (; /khalīfah/) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transliterated version of the Arabic word Muhammad's (570–632) death were called "Khalifat Rasul Allah", means the political successors to the messenger of God (referring to Muhammad). Some academics prefer to transliterate the term as Khalīf. Caliph
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| Dejima , was a fan-shaped artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch trading post during Japan's self-imposed isolation (sakoku) of the Edo period, from 1641 until 1853. Dejima
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| Dictator A dictator is a ruler (e.g. absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power with military control but, without hereditary ascension such as an absolute monarch. When other states call the head of state of a particular state a dictator, that state is called a dictatorship. The word originated as the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency (see Roman dictator and justitium). Dictator
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| List of extinct states Talk:List_of_extinct_states
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| East Berlin East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a de facto part of West Germany. Despite its status as part of an occupied city, East Berlin was claimed as the capital of East Germany. East_Berlin
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| Empire The term empire comes from the Latin imperium. Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples (ethnic groups) united and ruled either by a monarch (emperor, empress) or an oligarchy. Geopolitically, the term empire has denoted very different, territorially-extreme states — at the strong end, the extensive Spanish Empire (16th c.) Empire
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| Eastern Orthodox Church organization Eastern_Orthodox_Church_organization
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| East Pakistan East Pakistan ( Purbo Pakistan, Mashriqī Pākistān) was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal Province based on a plebiscite in what was then British India in 1947. Eastern Bengal chose to join the Dominion of Pakistan and became a province of Pakistan by the name East Bengal. East_Pakistan
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| Politics of French Polynesia Politics of French Polynesia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of French Polynesia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Politics_of_French_Polynesia
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| Howland Island Howland Island () is an uninhabited coral island located just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, about southwest of Honolulu. The island lies almost halfway between Hawaii and Australia and is an unincorporated, unorganized territory of the United States. Geographically, it is part of the Phoenix Islands. For statistical purposes, Howland is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. Howland_Island
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| Head of state Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the country's constitution and laws. In nation states the head of state is often thought of as the official "leader" of the nation. Head_of_state
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| Jarvis Island Jarvis Island (; formerly known as Bunker Island) is an uninhabited 4.5 square kilometer (1.75 sq. mile) coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean at , about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands. It is an unincorporated territory of the United States, administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the United States Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system. Unlike most coral atolls, the lagoon on Jarvis is wholly dry. Jarvis_Island
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| Josef Terboven Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven (May 23, 1898 - May 8, 1945) was a Nazi leader, best known as the Reichskommissar during the German military occupation of Norway. Josef_Terboven
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| Katanga (province) Katanga is a southern province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Between 1971 and 1997, its official name was Shaba Province. Under the new constitution, the province is to be replaced by four smaller provinces by February 2009. Its regional capital is Lubumbashi (formerly Elisabethville in French, Elisabethstad in Dutch). Katanga_(province)
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| Khuriya Muriya Islands Khuriya Muriya Islands or Kuria Muria Islands (; transliterated:Zenobii Islands or Zenobiou Islands (; 'Doliche'Khuriya Muriya Bay (the classical LatinArabian Sea 40 km off the southeastern coast of the sultanate of Oman, consisting of five islands, forming part of the Shalim and the Hallaniyat Islands Province of the Governorate of Dhofar, with a total area of 73 km², notably (from west to east) Khuriya_Muriya_Islands
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| Libya Libya
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| History of Liberia Liberia was set up by citizens of the United States as a colony for former African-American slaves. Sierra Leone, begun for that same purpose by Britain. History_of_Liberia
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| League of Nations mandate League of Nations mandate refers to a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League. League_of_Nations_mandate
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| Lists of office-holders These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents. Lists_of_office-holders
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| Latin America Latin America Latin_America
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| History of the Maldives The Maldives is a nation consisting of 26 natural atolls, comprising 1192 islands History_of_the_Maldives
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| Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands , officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. This nation of roughly 62,000 persons is located north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. Marshall_Islands
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| History of Mauritius History_of_Mauritius
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| Mayotte Mayotte (, ; Shimaore (Swahili dialect)Maore, ; Malagasy:Mahori), officially the Departmental Collectivity of Mayotte (), is an overseas collectivity of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two.Mayotte is in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. Mayotte
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| Midway Atoll Midway Atoll (or Midway Island or Midway Islands, ; Hawaiian:Pihemanu Kauihelani ) is a 2.4atoll located in the North Pacific Ocean (near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago), about one-third of the way between Honolulu and Tokyo. Midway Atoll is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States. Midway_Atoll
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| Morocco Morocco
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| Politics of Nepal The politics of Nepal function within a framework of a republic with a multi-party system. Currently, the positions of President (head of state) and Prime Minister (head of government) are occupied by Ram Baran Yadav and Madhav Kumar Nepal, respectively. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Prime Minister and his cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Constituent Assembly. Politics_of_Nepal
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| History of Oman History_of_Oman
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| Panama Panama
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| Palmyra Atoll Palmyra Atoll () is an incorporated atoll administered by the United States federal government. The atoll is 4.6 square miles (12Pacific Ocean at Palmyra_Atoll
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| History of Panama History_of_Panama
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| History of Peru history of Peru spans several millennia. Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. It was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century, which established a Viceroyalty with jurisdiction over most of its South American domains. Independence was declared in 1821 but consolidated only after the Battle of Ayacucho, three years later. History_of_Peru
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| Palestinian National Authority Talk:Palestinian_National_Authority
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| History of Romania This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). History_of_Romania
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| Politics of Romania Politics of Romania take place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government and the President of Romania exercises the functions of head of state, and of a multi-party system. Politics_of_Romania
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| Rhodesia Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent (Unilateral Declaration of Independence) on 11 November 1965. The British Government continued to refer to the breakaway colony as 'Southern Rhodesia'. The name was also used with the establishment of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. After a brief return to colonial status as Southern Rhodesia from 1979 to 1980, the country became the independent nation of Zimbabwe in April 1980. Rhodesia
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| Russian Civil War Russian_Civil_War
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| Saarland Saarland ( in German; ) is one of the 16 federal states (GermanBundesländer) of Germany. The capital is Saarbrücken. It has an area of 2570 km² and 1,045,000 inhabitants. In both area and population, it is the smallest of the German Flächenländer ("area states"), i.e., Saarland
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| History of Saint Lucia History_of_Saint_Lucia
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| Spratly Islands The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 650 reefs, Spratly_Islands
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| Sovereignty Sovereignty is the right to exercise, within a specific territory of a kingdom or a nation-state, the highest authority by the law. It is an important part of the three main political perspectives of realism, rationalism, and internationalism, as these three theories differ most in their views on sovereignty. Sovereignty
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| Turks and Caicos Islands The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI, ) are a British Overseas Territory consisting of two groups of sub-tropical islands in the West Indies, the larger Caicos Islands and the smaller Turks Islands, known for tourism and as an offshore financial centre.The Turks and Caicos Islands are situated about southeast of Miami in the United States, and southeast of Mayaguana in the Bahamas, and have a total land area of . The islands are geographically contiguous to the Bahamas, but are politically a separate entity. Turks_and_Caicos_Islands
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| United Nations member states UN member states and their dependent territories as recognized by the UN. Territories excludedVatican City (the Holy See is a UN non-member observer state), the Palestinian territories (Palestine, represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, is a UN observer), Western Sahara (status in dispute between Morocco and the Polisario Front), and Antarctica (not shown in the map; belongs to no country and regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System). United_Nations_member_states
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| United States Minor Outlying Islands United States Minor Outlying Islands, a statistical designation defined by the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1 code, consists of nine United States insular areas. Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated territory. As of 2008, none of the islands has any permanent residents. United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands
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