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English Wikipedia references for Royalsociety.org 1-50 of 528
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Acetylene
Talk:Acetylene
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for relatively recent changes observed in the Earth's climate. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly on the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the upper atmosphere have become available.
Attribution_of_recent_climate_change
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology. The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1978 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems. Bioinformatics now entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data.
Bioinformatics
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage, FRS (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer. Parts of his uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum.
Charles_Babbage
Aquilegia
Aquilegia () is a genus of about 60-70 species of columbines, herbaceous perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere. They are known for their distinctive flowers, generally bell-shaped, with each petal modified into an elongated nectar spur. Its fruit takes the form of a follicle. Columbine is derived from the latin word for Dove.
Aquilegia
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs (Greek δεινόσαυρος, deinosauros) were the dominant vertebrate animals of terrestrial ecosystems for over 160Triassic period (about 230million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous period (65Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event. The living species of birds may be classified as dinosaurs.The term "dinosaur" was coined in 1842 by Sir Richard Owen and derives from Greek δεινός (deinos) "terrible, powerful, wondrous" + σαῦρος (sauros) "lizard".
Dinosaur
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (14 May 1686 physicist and engineer who determined a temperature scale now named after him.
Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheit
England
England
Extinction event
An extinction event (also known asmass extinction; extinction-level event, ELE) is a sharp decrease in the number of species in a relatively short period of time. Mass extinctions affect most major taxonomic groups present at the time — birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates and other simpler life forms. They may be caused by one or both of extinction of an unusually large number of species in a short period. a sharp drop in the rate of speciation.
Extinction_event
Extinction event
Talk:Extinction_event
Genetically modified organism
genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These techniques, generally known as recombinant DNA technology, use DNA molecules from different sources, which are combined into one molecule to create a new set of genes.
Genetically_modified_organism
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body tasked to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. The panel was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), two organizations of the United Nations. The IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President of the United States Al Gore.
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
Life
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have self-sustaining biological processes ("alive," "living"), from those which do not death), or else because they lack such functions and are classified as "inanimate."In the science of biology, "life" (cf.
Life
Microorganism
microorganism (from the , mikrós, "small" and , organismós, "organism"; also spelled micro organism or micro-organism) or microbe is an organism that is microscopic (usually too small to be seen by the naked human eye). The study of microorganisms is called microbiology, a subject that began with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microorganisms in 1675, using a microscope of his own design.
Microorganism
Michael Atiyah
Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM, FRS, FRSE (born April 22, 1929) is a British mathematician, and one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. He grew up in Sudan and Egypt, and spent most of his academic life at Oxford, Cambridge, and Princeton.
Michael_Atiyah
Artificial neural network
An artificial neural network (ANN), usually called "neural network" (NN), is a mathematical model or computational model that tries to simulate the structure and/or functional aspects of biological neural networks. It consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons and processes information using a connectionist approach to computation.
Artificial_neural_network
Orangutan
The orangutans are a species of great apes. Known for their intelligence, they live in trees and they are the largest living arboreal animal. They have longer arms than other great apes, and their hair is typically reddish-brown, instead of the brown or black hair typical of other great apes; a new black-haired subspecies was recently discovered on Borneo by primatologist Birute Galdikas.
Orangutan
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of Bacteria, but not in Archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called photoautotrophs, since it allows them to create their own food.
Photosynthesis
Permian–Triassic extinction event
The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) extinction event, informally known as the Great Dying, was an extinction event that occurred ,
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook seems to have been the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or 'cladogenesis,' as opposed to 'anagenesis' or 'phyletic evolution' occurring within lineages.
Speciation
Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus ( or
Tyrannosaurus
The Sun
The Sun is a daily tabloid newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland (where it is known as The Irish Sun) with the highest circulation of any daily English-language newspaper in the world and the biggest circulation within the UK, standing at an average of 3,121,000 copies a day between January and June 2008 and with a daily readership of approximately 7,900,000, of which 56 percent are male and 44 percent female.
The_Sun
Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. In the course of ordinary activities, someone "using" ubiquitous computing engages many computational devices and systems simultaneously, and may not necessarily even be aware that they are doing so. This model is in an advancement from the desktop paradigm.
Ubiquitous_computing
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin
Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1,500 species currently described; they dominate fungal diversity in the oceans. Most reproduce asexually by budding, although a few do so by binary fission. Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms may become multicellular through the formation of a string of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae, or false hyphae as seen in most molds.
Yeast
Dengue fever
Dengue fever ( (BrE), (AmE)) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics, and caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever. The geographical spread includes northern Australia and northern Argentina, and the entire Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Honduras, Costa Rica, Philippines, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mexico, Suriname, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Barbados, Trinidad and Samoa.
Dengue_fever
Shark
Sharks (superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. They respire with the use of five to seven gill slits. Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protect their skin from damage and parasites and improve fluid dynamics.
Shark
Alec Jeffreys
Sir Alec John Jeffreys, FRS (born 9 January 1950 at Oxford in Oxfordshire) is a British geneticist, who developed techniques for DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used all over the world in forensic science to assist police detective work, and also to resolve paternity and immigration disputes.
Alec_Jeffreys
Neolithic
Talk:Neolithic
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease, also known as Huntington disease, Huntington's chorea, chorea major, sometimes abbreviated as HD, is the most common genetic cause of the pattern of repetitive abnormal movements called chorea. It is a neurodegenerative disorder named after the American physician George Huntington who accurately described it in 1872, and has no current cure.
Huntington's_disease
Astronomy
Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον), "star", and nomos (νόμος), "law") is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe.
Astronomy
Brown Rat
The brown rat, common rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat, or wharf rat (Rattus norvegicus) is one of the best known and most common rats. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown or grey rodent with a body up to long, and a similar tail length; the male weighs on average and the female .
Brown_Rat
Ficus
Ficus () is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and hemiepiphyte in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone.
Ficus
Climate change and agriculture
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, precipitation and glacial run-off. These conditions determine the carrying capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for the human population and domesticated animals.
Climate_change_and_agriculture
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit/Archive
Talk:Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheit/Archive
Jared Diamond
Jared Mason Diamond (born 10 September 1937) is an American scientist and nonfiction author whose work draws from a variety of fields. He is currently Professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA. He is best known for the award-winning books The Third Chimpanzee; Guns, Germs, and Steel; and Collapse.
Jared_Diamond
Guns, Germs, and Steel
Guns, Germs, and Steel is a 1997 book by Jared Diamond, professor of geography and physiology at UCLA. In 1998 it won a Pulitzer Prize and the Aventis Prize for Best Science Book. A documentary based on the book was broadcast on PBS in July 2005, produced by the National Geographic Society.
Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel
Ratite
A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum - hence their name which comes from the Latin (ratis) for raft. Without this to anchor their wing muscles they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings.Most parts of the former Gondwana have ratites, or have had until the fairly recent past. Their closest living relatives are the tinamous of South America.
Ratite
Quorum sensing
Quorum sensing is a type of decision-making process used by decentralized groups to coordinate behavior. Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate their gene expression according to the local density of their population. Similarly, some social insects use quorum sensing to make collective decisions about where to nest. In addition to its function in biological systems, quorum sensing has several useful applications for computing and robotics.
Quorum_sensing
Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson FRS (27 March 1857 27 April 1936) established the discipline mathematical statistics. In 1911 he founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London. He was a controversial proponent of eugenics, and a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton.
Karl_Pearson
Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n () is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is found in many places throughout the natural world. It is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans (e.g.
Chitin
Animal testing
Animal testing / animal experimentation is the use of non-human animals in scientific experimentation. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide zebrafish to non-human primates invertebrates are used and the use of flies and worms as model organisms is very important, experiments on invertebrates are largely unregulated and not included in statistics.
Animal_testing
Steve Jones (biologist)
Steve Jones, (born 24 March, 1944) is a professor of genetics and head of the biology department at University College London. His studies are conducted in the Galton laboratory. He is also a television presenter and a prize-winning author on the subject of biology, especially evolution.
Steve_Jones_(biologist)
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
Talk:William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin
Janez Vajkard Valvasor
Janez Vajkard Valvasor (also Johann Weikhard Freiherr von Valvasor) (baptized on May 28, 1641 - September 19, 1693), was a Slovenian nobleman, scholar, and polymath, member of the Royal Society.Janez Vajkard Valvasor was born in May 1641 in Ljubljana, Carniola (present-day Slovenia) to father Jernej and mother Ana Marija b. Ravbar.
Janez_Vajkard_Valvasor
Taphonomy
Taphonomy is the study of decaying organisms over time and how they become fossilized (if they do). The term taphonomy, (from the Greek taphos - τάφος meaning burial, and nomos - νόμος meaning law), was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Russian scientist, Ivan Efremov, to describe the study of the transition of remains, parts, or products of organisms, from the biosphere, to the lithosphere, i.e. the creation of fossil assemblages.
Taphonomy
Agnatha
Agnatha (Greek, "no jaws") is a class or superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata. Many recent textbooks regard the group as paraphyletic but recent molecular data, both from rRNA and from mtDNA strongly supports living agnathans as monophyletic.
Agnatha
Royal Society
Talk:Royal_Society
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is a species of parasitic protozoa in the genus Toxoplasma. The definitive host of T. gondii is the cat, but the parasite can be carried by all known mammals. Toxoplasmosis, the disease of which T. gondii is the causative agent, is usually minor and self-limiting but can have serious or even fatal effects on a fetus whose mother first contracts the disease during pregnancy or on an immunocompromised human or cat.
Toxoplasma_gondii
Gruiformes
The polyphyletic order Gruiformes contains a considerable number of living and extinct bird families with little in common. They are morphologically diverse and geographically widespread. Gruiform means "crane-like."Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that did not seem to belong to any other order were classified together as Gruiformes.
Gruiformes