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English Wikipedia references for Psychiatryonline.org 1-50 of 647
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| Autism Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years old. Autism | |
| Addiction addiction" is used in many contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive psychological dependence, such asdrug addiction (e.g. alcoholism), video game addiction, crime, money, work addiction, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, computer addiction, nicotine addiction, pornography addiction, plastic surgery addiction, etc.In medical terminology, an addiction is a state in which the body depends on a substance for normal functioning and may occur along with physical dependence, as in drug addiction. Addiction | |
| Antidepressant An antidepressant is a psychiatric medication used to alleviate mood disorders, such as major depression and dysthymia. Drugs including the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are most commonly associated with the term. Antidepressant | |
| Antipsychotic Antipsychotics (also called neuroleptics) are a group of psychoactive drugs commonly but not exclusively used to treat psychosis, which is typified by schizophrenia. Over time a wide range of antipsychotics have been developed. A first generation of antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, was discovered in the 1950s. Antipsychotic | |
| Alcoholism Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions.In common and historic usage, alcoholism refers to any condition that results in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages despite health problems and negative social consequences. Alcoholism | |
| Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, manic depressive disorder or bipolar affective disorder, is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania. Bipolar_disorder | |
| BDSM BDSM is a complex acronym derived from the terms bondage and discipline (B&D, B/D, or BD), dominance and submission (D&S, D/S, or DS), sadism and masochism (S&M, S/M, or SM). BDSM includes a wide spectrum of activities, forms of interpersonal relationships, and distinct subcultures. BDSM | |
| Benzodiazepine A benzodiazepine (, sometimes abbreviated to "benzo") is a psychoactive drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene and a diazepine ring. Benzodiazepines have varying sedative, hypnotic (sleep inducing), anxiolytic (antianxiety), anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic properties. Benzodiazepine | |
| Benzodiazepine Talk:Benzodiazepine | |
| Major depressive disorder For other depressive disorders, see Types of psychological depression.Major depressive disorder (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder) is a mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Major_depressive_disorder | |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is used in the United States and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies and policy makers.The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise. Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders | |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Talk:Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders | |
| Francis Crick Francis_Crick | |
| Gun politics Gun politics is a set of legal issues surrounding the ownership, use, and regulation of firearms as well as safety issues related to firearms both through their direct use and through legal and criminal use. Gun_politics | |
| LGBT social movements Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of homosexuality, bisexuality and transgenderism. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people have a long history of campaigning for what is generally called LGBT rights (or gay rights or gay and lesbian rights). LGBT_social_movements | |
| Hans Selye Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, CC () (January 26, 1907 — October 16, 1982) was a Canadian endocrinologist of Austro-Hungarian origin and Hungarian ethnicity. Selye did much important factual work on the hypothetical non-specific response of the organism to stressors. While he did not recognize all of the many aspects of glucocorticoids, Selye was aware of this response on their role. Some commentators considered him the first to demonstrate the existence of biological stress. Hans_Selye | |
| Hypnotic For the state of mind see Hypnosis.Hypnotic drugs induce sleep, used in the treatment of insomnia and in surgical anesthesia. Because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects, ranging from anxiolysis to production of unconsciousness, they are often referred to collectively as sedative-hypnotic drugs. Hypnotic | |
| Human sexual behavior Human sexual behavior or human sexual practices or human sexual activities refers to the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality. It encompasses a wide range of activities, such as strategies to find or attract partners (mating and display behavior), interactions between individuals, physical or emotional intimacy, and sexual contact.The term sexual activity can refer both to acts involving two or more people - as in sexual intercourse or oral sex- and to masturbation. Human_sexual_behavior | |
| Hypnosis For the states induced by hypnotic drugs, see Sleep or Unconsciousness.Hypnotized redirects here. For the Shanadoo song, see Hypnotized (song). For the Plies song, see Hypnotized (Plies song). Hypnosis is a mental state (state theory) or set of attitudes (nonstate theory) usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. Hypnosis | |
| Incest/Archive 5 Talk:Incest/Archive_5 | |
| Jacques Lacan Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ) (April 13, 1901 French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis, philosophy, and literary theory. He gave yearly seminars, in Paris, from 1953 to 1981, mostly influencing France's intellectuals in the 1960s and the 1970s, especially the post-structuralist philosophers. Jacques_Lacan | |
| Live action role-playing game Talk:Live_action_role-playing_game | |
| Mental disorder A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental disorders has changed over time and across cultures. Mental_disorder | |
| Mania Mania (from Greek μανία and that from μαίνομαι - mainomai, "to rage, to be furious") is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, unusual thought patterns and sometimes psychosis. There are several possible causes for mania including drug abuse and brain tumors, but it is most often associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania alternate with episodes of major depression. Mania | |
| Modafinil Modafinil (Provigil/Alertec/Modavigil) is a stimulant drug manufactured by Cephalon, and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Modafinil | |
| Natural selection Natural selection is the process where heritable traits that make it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce become more common over successive generations of a population. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The natural genetic variation within a population of organisms means that some individuals will survive and reproduce more successfully than others in their current environment. Natural_selection | |
| Neurology Neurology (from Greek , neuron, "nerve"; and , -logia) is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurology | |
| Paraphilia Paraphilia (in Greek para παρά = besides and -philia φιλία = love) refers to powerful and persistent sexual interest other than in copulatory or precopulatory behavior with phenotypically normal, consenting adult human partners.The term was coined by Wilhelm Stekel in the 1920s and popularized by John Money in the 1960s. Paraphilia | |
| Psychosis Psychosis (from the Greek ψυχή "psyche", for mind or soul, and -ωσις "-osis", for abnormal condition), with adjective psychotic, literally means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". Psychosis | |
| Religion A religion is an organized approach to human spirituality which usually encompasses a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendent quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, God or gods, or ultimate truth. Religion | |
| Reincarnation Reincarnation, literally "to be made flesh again", is a doctrine or metaphysical belief that some essential part of a living being (in some variations only human beings) survives death to be reborn in a new body. This essential part is often referred to as the spirit or soul, the "higher" or "true" self, "divine spark", or "I". According to such beliefs, a new personality is developed during each life in the physical world, but some part of the self remains constant throughout the successive lives. Reincarnation | |
| Sexism Sexism, a term coined in the mid-20th century, refers to the belief or attitude that one gender or sex is inferior to, less competent, or less valuable than the other. It can also refer to hatred of, or prejudice towards, either sex as a whole (see misogyny and misandry), or the application of stereotypes of masculinity in relation to men, or of femininity in relation to women. Sexism | |
| Schizophrenia Schizophrenia | |
| Serotonin Serotonin () (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It is found extensively in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, and about 80 to 90 percent of the human body's total serotonin is found in the enterochromaffin cells in the gut where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The rest is synthesized in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) where it has various functions, like control of appetite, mood and anger. Serotonin | |
| Sodium thiopental Sodium thiopental, better known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone sodium, or trapanal, is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anaesthetic. It is an intravenous ultra-short-acting barbiturate. Sodium thiopental is a depressant and is sometimes used during interrogations—not to cause pain (in fact, it may have just the opposite effect), but to weaken the resolve of the subject and make him or her more compliant to pressure. Sodium_thiopental | |
| Relationship between religion and science The relationship between religion and science has been a focus of the Demarcation problem. Statements about the world made by science and religion rely on different methodologies. Religions rely on revelation while science relies on observable, repeatable experiences. Relationship_between_religion_and_science | |
| Serotonin syndrome Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction that may occur following therapeutic drug use, inadvertent interactions between drugs, overdose of particular drugs, or the recreational use of certain drugs. Serotonin syndrome is not an idiosyncratic drug reaction; it is a predictable consequence of excess serotonergic activity at central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral serotonin receptors. Serotonin_syndrome | |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) are a class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating premature ejaculation problems as well as some cases of insomnia. Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor | |
| Twelve-step program twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems. Originally proposed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a method of recovery from alcoholism, the Twelve Steps were first published in the book, Alcoholics Anonymous in 1939. Twelve-step_program | |
| Sildenafil Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names, is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was developed and is being marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It acts by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis. Sildenafil | |
| Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853Dutch Post-Impressionist artist. Some of his paintings are now among the world's best known, most popular and expensive works of art.Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief spell as a teacher, he became a missionary worker in a very poor mining region. Vincent_van_Gogh | |
| Asperger syndrome Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and people with it therefore show significant difficulties in social interaction, along with stereotypies and other restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other ASDs by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported. Asperger_syndrome | |
| Brainwashing Brainwashing (also known as thought reform or re-education) consists of any effort aimed at instilling certain attitudes and beliefs in a person — beliefs sometimes unwelcome or in conflict with the person's prior beliefs and knowledge. Motives for brainwashing may include the aim of affecting that individual's value system and subsequent thought-patterns and behaviors.In 1987, the American Psychological Association (APA) Board of Social and Ethical Responsibility for Psychology (BSERP) provisionally declined to endorse one particular approach to brainwashing as "lackimprimatur". Brainwashing | |
| Gender Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women, extending from the biological to the social. At the biological level, men and women are typically distinguished by the presence of a Y-chromosome in male cells, and its absence in female cells. At the social level, however, there is debate regarding the extent to which the various biological differences necessitate differences in social gender roles and gender identity, which has been defined as "an individual's self-conception as being male or female, as distinguished from actual biological sex." Gender | |
| Nicotine Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae) which constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place in the roots, and accumulating in the leaves. It functions as an antiherbivore chemical with particular specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and currently nicotine analogs such as imidacloprid continue to be widely used. Nicotine | |
| Anti-psychiatry Anti-psychiatry usually refers to a movement that emerged in the 1960s hostile to most of the fundamental assumptions and common practices of psychiatry. The igniting influences for this configuration of groups and theories were Michel Foucault, R.D. Laing and Thomas Szasz. The term anti-psychiatry was first used by the South African psychiatrist David Cooper in 1967 (although some groups and individuals now prefer the term "critical psychiatry" to avoid connoting a merely oppositional stance). Anti-psychiatry | |
| Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a condition in which a single person displays multiple distinct identities or personalities (known as alter egos or alters), each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment. Dissociative_identity_disorder | |
| American Psychological Association The American Psychological Association (abbreviated APA) is a professional organization representing psychologists in the U.S., with around 150,000 members and an annual budget of around $70m. The American Psychological Association is occasionally confused with the American Psychiatric Association, which also uses the acronym APA. American_Psychological_Association | |
| Psychosis Talk:Psychosis | |
| Electroconvulsive therapy Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as electroshock, is a well established, albeit controversial, psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect. Today, ECT is most often used as a treatment for severe major depression which has not responded to other treatment, and is also used in the treatment of mania (often in bipolar disorder), catatonia, schizophrenia and other disorders. Electroconvulsive_therapy |
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