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English Wikipedia references for Princeton.edu 1-50 of 3218
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| Amoeboid Amoeboids are unicellular life-forms characterized by their irregularity of shape. "Amoeboid" and "amoeba" are sometimes used interchangeably in less formal contexts, especially in the context of characterizing an organism by the method of locomotion. Amoeboids are unicellular life-forms characterized by their similarity to amoebae. Amoeboid | |
| Agriculture Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the husbandry of domesticated animals and plants (i.e. crops) creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely populated and stratified societies. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science (the related practice of gardening is studied in horticulture). Agriculture | |
| Albert Einstein Albert (; German:Jewish, German-born, theoretical physicist of the 20th century who is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Albert_Einstein | |
| Antoni Gaudí Talk:Antoni_Gaudí | |
| AWK AWK is a programming language that is designed for processing text-based data, either in files or data streams, and was created at Bell Labs in the 1970s. The name AWK is derived from the family names of its authors — Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan; however, it is not commonly pronounced as a string of separate letters but rather to sound the same as the name of the bird, auk (which acts as an emblem of the language such as on The AWK Programming Language book cover). AWK | |
| Abu Bakr Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (Abdallah ibn Abi Quhafa) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634/13 AH) was an early person to convert to Islam and a senior companion (Sahaba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Throughout his life, according to Sunni Muslims Abu Bakr remained a friend and confidante of Muhammad. Abu_Bakr | |
| American Civil Liberties Union The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) consists of two separate non-profit organizations501(c)(3) organization which focuses on litigation and communication efforts, and the American Civil Liberties Union, a 501(c)(4) organization which focuses on legislative lobbying. The ACLU's stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." American_Civil_Liberties_Union | |
| Andrew Wiles Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS (born 11 April 1953) is a British mathematician and a professor at Princeton University, specialising in number theory. He is most famous for proving Fermat's Last Theorem. Andrew_Wiles | |
| Alpha compositing In computer graphics, alpha compositing is the process of combining an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency. It is often useful to render image elements in separate passes, and then combine the resulting multiple 2D images into a single, final image in a process called compositing. For example, compositing is used extensively when combining computer rendered image elements with live footage. Alpha_compositing | |
| Antonio Canova Antonio Canova (November 1, 1757 - October 13, 1822) was an Italian sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. The epitome of the neoclassical style, his work marked a return to classical refinement after the theatrical excesses of Baroque sculpture. Antonio_Canova | |
| Aphasia Aphasia () is a language disorder in which there is an impairment (but not loss) of speech and of comprehension of speech. The term dysphasia has also been used, although in modern times aphasia is used much more commonly, particularly in the field of speech and language pathology, to avoid confusion with the swallowing disorder dysphagia.Depending on the area and extent of the damage, someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak but not write, or vice versa, or display any of a wide variety of other deficiencies in language comprehension and production, such as being able to sing but not speak. Aphasia | |
| Minute of arc A minute of arc or arcminute (MOA) is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred sixtieth (1/360) of a circle, 1 minute of arc is 1/21,600 of the amount of arc in a closed circle. It is used in those fields which require a unit for the expression of small angles, such as astronomy or marksmanship.There are 148,510,800 square arcminutes in a complete sphere. Minute_of_arc | |
| Anal sex Anal sex most often refers to the sex act involving insertion of the penis into the anus. The term anal sex can also sometimes include other sexual acts involving the anus, including but not limited to anilingus and fingering.It is a form of sexual behavior considered to be comparatively high in risk, due to the vulnerability of the tissues and the concentration of infectious microorganisms not found elsewhere on the body. Anal_sex | |
| Annals of Mathematics The Annals of Mathematics (ISSN 0003-486X), abbreviated as Ann. of Math. and often just called Annals, is a bimonthly mathematics research journal published by Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study. It ranks amongst the most prestigious mathematics journals in the world by criteria such as citation intensity.The journal began as The Analyst in 1874, founded and edited by Joel E. Annals_of_Mathematics | |
| Anxiolytic anxiolytic (or antianxiety agent) is a drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety. Some anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, as have antidepressants such as the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).Though not anxiolytics, beta-receptor blockers such as propranolol and oxprenolol can be used to combat the somatic symptoms of anxiety. Anxiolytic | |
| Bill Clinton William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He was the third-youngest president; only Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy were younger when entering office. Bill_Clinton | |
| Brian Kernighan Brian Wilson Kernighan (, the 'g' is silent), (born January 1942, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a computer scientist who worked at Bell Labs alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and contributed greatly to Unix and its school of thought. He is also coauthor of the AWK and AMPL programming languages. Brian_Kernighan | |
| BPP In complexity theory, BPP is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all instances. The abbreviation BPP refers to Bounded-error, Probabilistic, Polynomial time. BPP | |
| Bollywood Talk:Bollywood | |
| Biological warfare Biological warfare (BW), also known as germ warfare, is the use of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other disease-causing agents) as biological weapons (or bioweapons). Using nonliving toxic products, even if produced by living organisms (e.g. toxins), is considered chemical warfare under the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Biological_warfare | |
| Brownian motion This article is about the physical phenomenon; for the stochastic process, see Wiener process. For the sports team, see Brownian Motion (Ultimate). For the mobility model, see Random walk.Brownian motion (named after the Scottish botanist Robert Brown) is the seemingly random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (i.e. a liquid or gas) or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements, often called a particle theory. Brownian_motion | |
| Béla Bartók Béla Viktor János Bartók () (March 25, 1881Hungarian composer and pianist, regarded, along with Liszt, to be his country’s greatest composer (Gillies 2001). Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of ethnomusicology. Béla_Bartók | |
| Boolean satisfiability problem Satisfiability is the problem of determining if the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such a way as to make the formulaBoolean propositional satisfiability. The shorthand "SAT" is also commonly used Boolean_satisfiability_problem | |
| Carbon nanotube Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. Nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 28,000,000carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potent Carbon_nanotube | |
| Coitus interruptus Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal or the pull-out method, is a method of contraception in which a couple has sexual intercourse, but semen is ejaculated outside of and away from the vagina. Coitus interruptus may also more generally refer to any extraction of the penis prior to ejaculation during intercourse. This method has been widely used for at least 2,000 years and was used by an estimated 38 million couples worldwide in 1991. Coitus_interruptus | |
| People's Republic of China People's_Republic_of_China | |
| Consciousness Consciousness is often used colloquially to describe being awake and aware—responsive to the environment, in contrast to being asleep or in a coma. In philosophical and scientific discussion, however, the term is restricted to the specific way in which humans are mentally aware in such a way that they distinguish clearly between themselves (the thing being aware) and all other things and events. This "self-awareness" may involve thoughts, sensations, perceptions, moods, emotions, and dreams. Consciousness | |
| Curium This article is about the chemical element Curium; for the ancient city also called Curium (located in Cyprus), see KourionCurium () is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. A radioactive metallic transuranic element of the actinide series, curium is produced by bombarding plutonium with alpha particles (helium ions) and was named for Marie Curie and her husband Pierre. Curium | |
| Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event The Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which occurred approximately (Ma), was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically short period of time. Widely known as the K–T extinction event, it is associated with a geological signature known as the K–T boundary, usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world. Cretaceous–Tertiary_extinction_event | |
| Carbon sink carbon sink is a natural or manmade reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period.The main natural sinks are Absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans Photosynthesis by plants and algae The main manmade sinks are Landfills Carbon capture and storage proposals Carbon_sink | |
| Collagen Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. It is naturally found exclusively in metazoa, including sponges. In muscle tissue it serves as a major component of endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue, and accounts for 6% of the weight of strong, tendinous muscles. The gelatin used in food and industry is derived from the partial hydrolysis of collagen. Collagen | |
| Calvin and Hobbes Calvin and Hobbes is a comic strip written and illustrated by Bill Watterson, following the humorous antics of Calvin, an imaginative six-year old boy, and Hobbes, his energetic and sardonic—albeit stuffed—tiger. The pair are named after John Calvin, a 16th-century French Reformation theologian, and Thomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English political philosopher. Calvin_and_Hobbes | |
| Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( purse) (September 10, 1839 logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peirce was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. It is largely his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and semiotics (and his founding of pragmatism) that are appreciated today. In 1934, the philosopher Paul Weiss called Peirce "the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician". Charles_Sanders_Peirce | |
| Central America Central America Central_America | |
| Classical liberalism Talk:Classical_liberalism | |
| Computer music Computer music is a term that was originally used within academia to describe a field of study relating to the applications of computing technology in music composition; particularly that stemming from the Western art music tradition. It includes the theory and application of new and existing technologies in music, such as sound synthesis, digital signal processing, sound design, sonic diffusion, acoustics, and psychoacoustics. Computer_music | |
| P = NP problem Talk:P_=_NP_problem | |
| Computational complexity theory Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in computer science that investigates the problems related to the resources required to run algorithms, and the inherent difficulty in providing algorithms that are efficient for both general and specific computational problems. Computational_complexity_theory | |
| Consilience Consilience, or the unity of knowledge (literally a "jumping together" of knowledge), has its roots in the ancient Greek concept of an intrinsic orderliness that governs our cosmos, inherently comprehensible by logical process, a vision at odds with mystical views in many cultures that surrounded the Hellenes. Consilience | |
| Computational complexity theory Talk:Computational_complexity_theory | |
| Coriolis effect In physics, the Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects when they are viewed from a rotating reference frame. Coriolis_effect | |
| Disease A disease or medical condition is symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as invading organisms, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In human beings, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. Disease | |
| Dante Alighieri Durante degli Alighieri (May/June c.1265 – September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His central work, the Divina Commedia (originally called Commedia and later called Divina ("divine") by Boccaccio), is often considered one of the greatest literary works composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.In Italy he is known as "the Supreme Poet" (il Sommo Poeta) or just il Poeta. Dante_Alighieri | |
| Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (usernamedmr, born September 9, 1941) is an American computer scientist notable for his influence on C and other programming languages, and on operating systems such as Multics and Unix. He received the Turing Award in 1983 and the National Medal of Technology in 1998. Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System Software Research Department when he retired in 2007. Dennis_Ritchie | |
| Donald Rumsfeld Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a United States businessman, politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. He is both the youngest (43 years old) and the oldest (74 years old) person to have held the position, as well as the only person to have held the position for two non-consecutive terms, and the second longest serving, behind Robert McNamara. Donald_Rumsfeld | |
| Despotism Despotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power. Despotism | |
| Europe Europe (, ) is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast. Europe | |
| Engineering Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET) has defined engineering as follows “ Engineering | |
| Edinburgh Edinburgh | |
| Entscheidungsproblem mathematics, the ''''''German for 'decision problem') is a challenge posed by David Hilbert in 1928. The asks for an algorithm that will take as input a description of a formal language and a mathematical statement in the language and produce as output either "True" or "False" according to whether the statement is true or false. Entscheidungsproblem |
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