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English Wikipedia references for Ox.ac.uk 1-50 of 4075
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| Artificial intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Major AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,The field was founded on the claim that a central property of human beings, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. Artificial_intelligence | |
| AK-47 The AK-47 is a selective fire, gas operated 7.62mm assault rifle developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. Six decades later, the AK-47 and its variants and derivatives remain in service throughout the world. It has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with regular armed forces as well as irregular, revolutionary and terrorist organizations worldwide. AK-47 | |
| Acupuncture Acupuncture | |
| Akkadian Empire The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad (Sumerian:Agade Hittite KUR A.GA.DÈKI "land of Akkad"; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region (Akkadian URU Akkad KI) in central Mesopotamia (present day Iraq). Euphrates, between Sippar and Kish (in Iraq, about southwest of the center of Baghdad). Despite an extensive search, the precise site has never been found. It reached the height of its power between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests of king Sargon of Akkad. Akkadian_Empire | |
| Ambrose the Camaldulian Ambrose the Camaldulian, born Ambrogio Traversari (1386 – October 20, 1439) was an Italian theologian. Ambrose_the_Camaldulian | |
| Amyntas III of Macedon Amyntas III (Greek:Ἀμύντας Γ΄, - 370 BC) son of Arrhidaeus and father of Philip II, was king of Macedon in 393 BC, and again from 392 to 369 BC.He came to the throne after the ten years of confusion which followed the death of Archelaus II, the patron of art and literature. Amyntas_III_of_Macedon | |
| Alternative medicine The term alternative medicine, as used in the modern Western world, encompasses any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine". Commonly cited examples include naturopathy, chiropractic, herbalism, traditional Chinese medicine, Unani, Ayurveda, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, hypnosis, homeopathy, acupuncture, and diet-based therapies, in addition to a range of other practices. Alternative_medicine | |
| Aeschylus Aeschylus ( or , Greek:Ασχύλος, Aiskhylos, c. 525 BC/524 BC c. 456 BC/455 BC) was an ancient Greek playwright. He is often recognized as the father of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedians whose plays survive, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. Aeschylus | |
| Astrology Astrology (from Greek , astron, "constellation, star"; and , -logia, "the study of") is a group of systems, traditions, and beliefs which hold that the relative positions of celestial bodies and related details can provide information about personality, human affairs, and other terrestrial matters. Astrology | |
| Analgesic An analgesic (also known as a painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia). The word analgesic derives from Greek an- ("without") and algos ("pain"). Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems; they include paracetamol (acetaminophen), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, synthetic drugs with narcotic properties such as tramadol, and various others. Analgesic | |
| Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid is a sugar acid with antioxidant properties. Its appearance is white to light-yellow crystals or powder, and it is water-soluble. One form of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. The name is derived from a- (meaning no) and scorbuticus (scurvy), the disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. Ascorbic_acid | |
| Antibody Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses. Antibody | |
| Anthroposophy Anthroposophy, a spiritual philosophy based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner, postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner developmentnatural science's investigations of the physical world. Anthroposophy | |
| Aspirin/Archive 1 Talk:Aspirin/Archive_1 | |
| Angela Vincent Angela Vincent (born 1942) is a professor at Somerville College of Oxford University. She is the head of a research group, which is located in the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and working on a wide range of biological disciplines encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, cellular immunology and intracellular neurophysiology. Angela_Vincent | |
| Attribution of recent climate change Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for relatively recent changes observed in the Earth's climate. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly on the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the upper atmosphere have become available. Attribution_of_recent_climate_change | |
| Atom probe The atom probe is an atomic-resolution microscope used in materials science that was invented in 1967 by Erwin Wilhelm Müller, J. A. Panitz, and S. Brooks McLane. Atom_probe | |
| Boron nitride Boron nitride is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms. Its chemical formula is therefore BN. Boron nitride is isoelectronic with carbon and, like carbon, exists as various polymorphic forms. The hexagonal form corresponds to graphite - it is the most stable and softest among BN polymorphs (Mohs hardness ~ 2), and is therefore used a lubricant. Boron_nitride | |
| Byzantine Empire/Archive 7 Talk:Byzantine_Empire/Archive_7 | |
| Benjamin Disraeli Benjamin_Disraeli | |
| Bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclaturehydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO3−. Bicarbonate | |
| Brown University Brown University is a private university located in Providence, Rhode Island, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third-oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States. Brown_University | |
| Bose–Einstein condensate Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of weakly interacting bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (, , or ). Under such conditions, a large fraction of the bosons collapse into the lowest quantum state of the external potential, and all wave functions overlap each other, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale. Bose–Einstein_condensate | |
| Baghdad Baghdad ( ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq Baghdad | |
| Ballad A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative and set to music. Ballads were characteristic of particularly British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later North America, Australia and North Africa. Ballad | |
| Balfour Declaration of 1917 The Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated 2 November 1917) was a formal statement of policy by the British government stating that "His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." Balfour_Declaration_of_1917 | |
| Bodmin Bodmin () is a town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, with a population of 12,778 (2001 census). It was the county town of Cornwall, until the Crown Courts moved to Truro, which is also the administrative centre. Bodmin still is the county townTriggshire and the district of North Cornwall. Its mayor is Cllr Robert "Bob" Micek. (Before 1835 the county town was at Launceston.) Bodmin | |
| Consciousness Consciousness is often used colloquially to describe being awake and aware—responsive to the environment, in contrast to being asleep or in a coma. In philosophical and scientific discussion, however, the term is restricted to the specific way in which humans are mentally aware in such a way that they distinguish clearly between themselves (the thing being aware) and all other things and events. This "self-awareness" may involve thoughts, sensations, perceptions, moods, emotions, and dreams. Consciousness | |
| Climate Climate encompasses the temperatures, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time, as opposed to the term weather, which refers to current activity of these same elements. Climate | |
| Cornish language For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words.The Cornish language (in CornishKernewek or Kernowek) is one of the Brythonic group of Celtic languages. The language continued to function as a community language in parts of Cornwall until the late 18th century, and a process to revive the language was started in the early 20th century, continuing to this day with some success. Cornish_language | |
| Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless and tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a covalent double bond and a dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon, and can be viewed as the anhydride of formic acid (CH2O2).Carbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms in preference to the more usual carbon dioxide (CO2) when there is a reduced availability of oxygen, such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. Carbon_monoxide | |
| Cantigas de Santa Maria Cantigas de Santa Maria ("Songs to the Virgin Mary") are manuscripts written in Galician-Portuguese, with music notation, during the reign of Alfonso X El Sabio (1221-1284) and are one of the largest collections of monophonic (solo) songs from the Middle Ages. All of the songs at least mention the Virgin Mary, and every 10th is a religious hymn. Some of the manuscripts containing this music also contain colored miniatures showing pairs of musicians playing a wide variety of instruments. Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria | |
| Covalent bond A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds. In short, attraction-to-repulsion stability that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interaction, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal to non-metal bonding, agostic interactions, and three-center two-electron bonds. Covalent_bond | |
| Chaos theory mathematics, chaos theory describes the behavior of certain dynamical systems – that is, systems whose states evolve with time – that may exhibit dynamics that are highly sensitive to initial conditions (popularly referred to as the butterfly effect). As a result of this sensitivity, which manifests itself as an exponential growth of perturbations in the initial conditions, the behavior of chaotic systems appears to be random. Chaos_theory | |
| Cholesterol Cholesterol | |
| Creation myth creation myth or cosmogonic myth is a supernatural mytho-religious story or explanation that describes the beginnings of humanity, earth, life, and the universe (cosmogony), often as a deliberate act by one or more deities.Many creation myths share broadly similar themes. Common motifs include the fractionation of the things of the world from a primordial chaos; the separation of the mother and father gods; land emerging from an infinite and timeless ocean; or creation ex nihilo (). Creation_myth | |
| Craig Venter J. Craig Venter (born John Craig Venter October 14, 1946, Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American biologist and businessman. Venter founded The Institute for Genomic Research and has been credited with being instrumental in mapping the human genome. His for-profit efforts used public domain data generated by the Human Genome Project, but could be used to generate high quality data on their own. He was listed on Time Magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. Craig_Venter | |
| Computability theory (computer science) Talk:Computability_theory_(computer_science) | |
| Cavitation Cavitation is the formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapor pressure. Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behaviorshock wave. Such cavitation often occurs in pumps, propellers, impellers, and in the vascular tissues of plants. Noninertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some fo Cavitation | |
| Dice For other uses, see either Die or Dice (disambiguation).A die (plural dice, from Old French dé, from Latin datum "something given or played") is a small polyhedral object, usually cubic, used for generating random numbers or other symbols. This makes dice suitable as gambling devices, especially for craps or sic bo, or for use in non-gambling tabletop games.A traditional die is a cube (often with corners slightly rounded), marked on each of its six faces with a different number of circular patches or pits called pips. Dice | |
| Dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes itself manifest primarily as a difficulty with the visual notation of speech or written language, particularly with reading the various man-made writing systems. It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from other causes, such as a non-neurological deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate reading instruction, This suggests that dyslexia results from differences in how the brain processes written and spoken language. Dyslexia | |
| Dodo The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) was a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Related to pigeons and doves, it stood about a meter tall, weighing about , living on fruit and nesting on the ground.The dodo has been extinct since the mid-to-late 17th century. It is commonly used as the archetype of an extinct species because its extinction occurred during recorded human history, and was directly attributable to human activity. Dodo | |
| Dodo Talk:Dodo | |
| David Deutsch David Elieser Deutsch FRS (born 1953 in Haifa, Israel) is a physicist at the University of Oxford. He is a non-stipendiary Visiting Professor in the Department of Atomic and Laser Physics at the Centre for Quantum Computation, Clarendon Laboratory. He pioneered the field of quantum computers by being the first person to formulate a specifically quantum computational algorithm, and is a proponent of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. David_Deutsch | |
| Dynamical system The dynamical system concept is a mathematical formalization for any fixed "rule" which describes the time dependence of a point's position in its ambient space. Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a clock pendulum, the flow of water in a pipe, and the number of fish each spring in a lake. Dynamical_system | |
| Many-worlds interpretation The many-worlds interpretation is an interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is also known as MWI, the relative state formulation, theory of the universal wavefunction, parallel universes, many-universes interpretation or just many worlds. Many-worlds_interpretation | |
| Enlil Enlil (add the name in cuneiform please an=𒀭 shar=?), (EN = Lord + LIL = Loft, "Lord of the Open" or "Lord of the Wind") was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets. The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian, Hittite, and Canaanite literature. Enlil | |
| Euripides Euripides (Ancient Greek:tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles). Ancient scholars thought that Euripides had written ninety-five plays, although four of those were probably written by Critias. Eighteen of Euripides' plays have survived complete. Euripides | |
| Evidence-based medicine Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims to apply evidence gained from the scientific method to certain parts of medical practice. It seeks to assess the quality of evidence relevant to the risks and benefits of treatments (including lack of treatment). According to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, "Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." Evidence-based_medicine | |
| Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs. Ethanol |
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