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| Aristotle Aristotle (, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle | |
| Allocution Generally, to allocute in law means "to speak out formally." In the field of apologetics, allocution is generally done in defense of a belief. In politics, one may allocute before a legislative body in an effort to influence their position on an issue. In law, it is generally meant to state specifically and in detail what one did and for what reason, often in relation to commission of a crime. Allocution | |
| Agnosticism Agnosticism (; after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the truth value of certain claimsmetaphysical claims regarding theology, afterlife or the existence of deities, spiritual-beings, or even ultimate reality unknown or, depending on the form of agnosticism, inherently impossible to prove or disprove. Agnosticism | |
| Aaron In the Bible, Aaron ( Ahāron, Hārūn), or Aaron the Levite (אהרֹן הלוי), was the brother of Moses, (Exodus 6High Priest of the Hebrews. While Moses was receiving his education at the Egyptian royal court and during his exile among the Midianites, Aaron and his sister remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border-land of Egypt (Goshen). Aaron | |
| Antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also known as Judeophobia) is a term used to describe prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their religion, culture, or ethnic background.While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, it has been used exclusively to refer to hostility toward Jews since its initial usage. Antisemitism | |
| Avicenna Avicenna | |
| American (word) American in the English language varies, according to the historic, geographic, and political context in which it is used. It derives from America, a term originally denoting all of the New World (also called "the Americas"). It retains this Pan-American sense, but its usage evolved over time, and due to various historical reasons the word came to denote people or things specifically from the United States of America. American_(word) | |
| Arianism Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius (ca. AD 250–336), a Christian priest, who was first ruled a heretic at the First Council of Nicea of 325, later exonerated at the Council of Jerusalem of 335, and then pronounced a heretic again after his death. Arianism | |
| Apocrypha Apocrypha (from the Greek word , meaning "those having been hidden away") are texts of uncertain authenticity, or writings where the authorship is questioned. Judeo-Christian theology, the term apocrypha refers to any collection of scriptural texts that falls outside the canon. Apocrypha | |
| Apocrypha Talk:Apocrypha | |
| Abbess abbess (Latin abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot) is the female superior, or Mother Superior, of an abbey of nuns.In Roman Catholic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot. Abbess | |
| Arminianism This article is about a theological philosophy. For the unrelated national and ethnic group, see Armenians. "Arminism" redirects here and should not be confused for the similarly named & entirely unrelated theological ideology called "Armanism"Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609) and his historic followers, the Remonstrants. Arminianism | |
| Abbey An abbey (from Latin abbatia, derived from Syriac abba, "father"), is a Christian monastery or convent, under the government of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community. Westminster Abbey below). Abbey | |
| André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère FRS (20 January 1775 physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him. André-Marie_Ampère | |
| Ambrose Saint Ambrose (c. between 337 and 340bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century. He is counted as one of the four original doctors of the Church. Ambrose | |
| Anno Domini ''''''AD or A.D., and Before Christ'BC or B.C., are designations used to number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. calendar era to which they refer is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus, with AD denoting years after the start of this epoch, and BC denoting years before the start of this epoch. There is no year zero in this scheme, so the year AD Anno_Domini | |
| Angilbert Saint Angilbert (died 18 February 814) was a Frank who served Charlemagne as a diplomat, abbot, poet and semi-son-in-law. He was of noble Frankish parentage, and educated at the palace school in Aquae Grani (Aachen) under Alcuin. He is venerated as a saint, on the day of his death—18 February.When Charlemagne sent his young son Pepin to Italy as King of the Lombards Angilbert went along as primicerius palatii, a high administrator of the satellite court. Angilbert | |
| Abraham Abraham ( Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom ; , Ibrahim ; Ge'ez:'Book of Genesis as the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Midianites and Edomite peoples. He is widely regarded as the patriarch of Jews, Christians, and Muslims and the founder of monotheism. According to , his name was changed by God from Abram (probably meaning "the father is exalted") to Abraham, a name which Genesis explains as meaning "father of many". Abraham | |
| Abraxas The word Abraxas (or Abrasax or Abracax) was engraved on certain antique stones, called on that account Abraxas stones, which were used as amulets or charms. The name is found in the Greek Magical Papyri, and the word may be related to the word abracadabra, although other explanations exist. Abraxas | |
| Afonso de Albuquerque Afonso de Albuquerque (or d'Albuquerque - disused) (; 1453, Alhandra - Goa, December 16, 1515) was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, a naval general officer whose military and administrative activities conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian ocean. Afonso_de_Albuquerque | |
| Antipope An antipope () is a person who, in opposition to a sitting Bishop of Rome, makes a widely accepted claim to be the Pope. In the past, antipopes were typically those supported by a fairly significant faction of cardinals and kingdoms. Persons who claim to be the pope but have few followers, such as the modern sedevacantist antipopes, are not generally classified as antipopes, and therefore are ignored for regnal numbering. Antipope | |
| Alger of Liège Alger of Liège (1055-1131), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, a learned French priest who lived in the first half of the 12th century.He was first a deacon of the church of St Bartholomew at Liège, his native town, and was then appointed (c. 1100) to the cathedral church of Saint Lambert of Maastricht. He declined many offers from German bishops and finally retired to the monastery of Cluny, where he died at great age and leaving a good reputation for piety and intelligence. Alger_of_Liège | |
| Amalric of Bena Amalric of Bena ( Amaury de Bène or Amaury de Chartres; Almaricus, Amalricus, Amauricus; died c. 1204-1207) was a French theologian, after whom the Amalricians are named. Amalric_of_Bena | |
| Antipope Talk:Antipope | |
| Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy (21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857; pronounced ) was a French mathematician, who was one of the most prominent mathematicians of the first half of the nineteenth century. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner and was thus an early pioneer of analysis. Augustin_Louis_Cauchy | |
| Augustine of Hippo Augustine of Hippo ( or Augustine_of_Hippo | |
| Antonio Canova Antonio Canova (November 1, 1757 - October 13, 1822) was an Italian sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. The epitome of the neoclassical style, his work marked a return to classical refinement after the theatrical excesses of Baroque sculpture. Antonio_Canova | |
| Adam Weishaupt Johann Adam Weishaupt (February 6, 1748 in Ingolstadt November 18, 1830 in Gotha) was a German philosopher and founder of the Order of Illuminati, a secret society with origins in Bavaria. Adam_Weishaupt | |
| Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles (lat. Actus Apostolorum) is a book of the Christian Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. It is commonly referred to as simply Acts. The title "Acts of the Apostles" (Greek Praxeis Apostolon) was first used by Irenaeus in the late second century, but some have suggested that the title "Acts" be interpreted as "the Acts of the Holy Spirit" or even "the Acts of Jesus," since 1continued to do and teach, Jesus himself being the principal actor. Acts_of_the_Apostles | |
| Astrology Astrology (from Greek , astron, "constellation, star"; and , -logia, "the study of") is a group of systems, traditions, and beliefs which hold that the relative positions of celestial bodies and related details can provide information about personality, human affairs, and other terrestrial matters. Astrology | |
| Ark of the Covenant Ark of the Covenant ( Ārōn Hāb’rīt Aron Habrit]Tābūt Al-ʿahd) is the sacred container, wherein rested the Tablets of stone containing the Ten Commandments as well as Aaron's rod and manna. The Ark was built at the command of God, in accord with Moses' prophetic vision on Mount Sinai (). Ark_of_the_Covenant | |
| Arab An Arab (, ʿarabi) is a person who identifies as such on ethnic, linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs (العرب al-ʿarab), refers to the ethnocultural group at large.Though the Arabic language is older, Arabic culture was first spread in the Middle East beginning in the 2nd century as culturally Arab Christians such as the Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Banu Judham began migrating into the Syrian Desert and the Levant. Arab | |
| Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism (1410 Antipope_John_XXIII | |
| Apostolic succession Apostolic succession is the doctrine in some of the more ancient Christian communions that the succession of bishops, in uninterrupted lines, is historically traceable back to the original Twelve Apostles Within Catholic Christianity it "is one of four elements which define the true Church of Jesus Christ" and legitimizes the existing sacramental offices, as it is considered necessary for a bishop to perform legitimate or "valid" ordinations of priests, deacons, and other bishops. Apostolic_succession | |
| Antipope Felix II Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius. In May 357 the Roman laity, which had remained faithful to Liberius, demanded that Constantius, who was on a visit to Rome, should recall Liberius. Antipope_Felix_II | |
| Archbishop of Canterbury The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury, the see that churches must be in communion with in order to be a part of the Anglican Communion. The current archbishop is the Most Reverend Rowan Williams. He is the 104th in a line that goes back more than 1400 years to St Augustine of Canterbury, who founded the oldest see in England in the year 597. Archbishop_of_Canterbury | |
| Anointing of the Sick Anointing of the Sick is distinguished from other forms of religious anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning) in that it is intended, as its name indicates, for the benefit of a sick person. Other religious anointings occur in relation to other sacraments, in particular baptism, confirmation and ordination, and also in the coronation of a monarch. Anointing_of_the_Sick | |
| Agostino Carracci Agostino Carracci (or Caracci) (August 16, 1557 – March 22, 1602) was an Italian painter and printmaker. He was the brother of the more famous Annibale and cousin of Lodovico Carracci. He posited the ideal in nature, and was the founder of the competing school to the more gritty (for lack of a better term) view of nature as expressed by Caravaggio. He was, along with his brothers, one of the founders of the Accademia degli Incamminati, which helped propel painters of the School of Bologna to prominence. Agostino_Carracci | |
| Abipones Abipones were a tribe of South American Indians of Guaycuran stock recently inhabiting the territory lying between Santa Fe and St. Iago. They originally occupied the Chaco district of Paraguay, but were driven south by the hostility of the Spaniards and other native tribes. Abipones | |
| Abjuration Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. It comes from the Latin abjurare, "to forswear").Abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient English law that was a renunciation of citizenship, a type of self-imposed exile. The person taking the oath swore never to return to the kingdom unless by permission. This was often taken by fugitives who had taken sanctuary: Abjuration | |
| Adoptionism Adoptionism, also called dynamic monarchianism, was a minority Christian belief that Jesus was born merely human and that he became divine later in his life. theosis:early Christians seeking to reconcile the claims that Jesus was the son of God with the monotheism of Judaism.Adoptionism was common before it was first declared heresy at the end of the 2nd century. Gospel of Mark and in the Pauline epistles. Adoptionism | |
| Apollinarism Apollinarism or Apollinarianism was a view proposed by Apollinaris of Laodicea (died 390) that Jesus had a human body and lower soul (the seat of the emotions) but a divine mind. Apollinaris further taught that the souls of men were propagated by other souls, as well as their bodies. Apollinarism | |
| Albigensians Talk:Albigensians | |
| Anthony the Great Anthony the Great (c 251 – 356), (Coptic Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ), also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius (Ἀβᾶς Ἀντώνιος), and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. Anthony_the_Great | |
| Apostles' Creed The Apostles' Creed (Latin:Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled Symbol of the Apostles, is an early statement of Christian belief, a creed or "symbol". It is widely used by a number of Christian denominations for both liturgical and catechetical purposes, most visibly by liturgical Churches of Western tradition, including the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, Lutheranism, the Anglican Communion, and Western Orthodoxy. Apostles'_Creed | |
| Bible Bible | |
| Biblical canon Talk:Biblical_canon | |
| Baptist A Baptist is a Christian who subscribes to a theology and may belong to a church that, among other things, is committed to believer's baptism (as opposed to infant baptism) and, with respect to church polity, favors the congregational model. The term Baptist can also describe a church, denomination, or other group of individuals made up of individual Baptists. Baptist | |
| Bede Bede | |
| Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (), (June 19, 1623, in Clermont-Ferrand, France mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a civil servant. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators, the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defense of the scientific method. Blaise_Pascal |
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