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Albedo
The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the Sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity. Albedo is defined as diffusely reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's diffuse reflectivity. The word is derived from Latin albedo "whiteness", in turn from albus "white", and was introduced into optics Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.
Albedo
Appeal
In law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision.The specific procedures for appealing, including even whether there is a right of appeal from a particular type of decision, can vary greatly from country to country. Even within a jurisdiction, the nature of an appeal can vary greatly depending on the type of case.
Appeal
Albania
This article is about the country in southern Europe. For a topic outline on this subject, see List of basic Albania topics. For other uses, see Albania (disambiguation).
Albania
Anime
Anime
Ada Lovelace
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (10 December 1815, London – 27 November 1852, Marylebone, London), born Augusta Ada Byron, was the only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron. She is widely known in modern times simply as Ada Lovelace.She is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine.
Ada_Lovelace
Alhazen
Alhazen
BASIC
computer programming, BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of high-level programming languages. The original BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth in New Hampshire, USA to provide computer access to non-science students.
BASIC
British English
British English, or UK English (BrE, BE, en-GB), is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere. There is confusion whether the term refers to English as spoken in the British Isles or to English as spoken in Great Britain, though in the case of Ireland, there are further distinctions peculiar to Hiberno-English.
British_English
Cognitive science
Cognitive science may be concisely defined as the study of the nature of intelligence. It draws on multiple empirical disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, computer science, sociology and biology. The term cognitive science was coined by Christopher Longuet-Higgins in his 1973 commentary on the Lighthill report, which concerned the then-current state of Artificial Intelligence research.
Cognitive_science
Tao Te Ching
Talk:Tao_Te_Ching
Elvis Presley/archive23
Talk:Elvis_Presley/archive23
Electromagnetic spectrum
Talk:Electromagnetic_spectrum
Game theory
Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences (most notably economics), biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science, and philosophy. Game theory attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others.
Game_theory
Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (; also Leibnitz or von Leibniz; 1 July 1646 – 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French.He occupies an equally grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics.
Gottfried_Leibniz
Gottfried Leibniz
Talk:Gottfried_Leibniz
Homer
Homer (Ancient Greek:Hómēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The ancient Greeks generally believed that Homer was a historical individual, but modern scholars are skepticalclassical antiquity, and the poems themselves manifestly represent the culmination of many centuries of oral story-telling and a well-developed "formulaic" system of poetic composition.
Homer
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. It alone has parliamentary sovereignty, conferring upon it ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories.
Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom
Helen Keller
Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.
Helen_Keller
History of science and technology
The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history which examines how humanity's understanding of the natural world (science) and ability to manipulate it (technology) have changed over the millennia. This academic discipline also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of scientific innovation.Histories of science were originally written by practicing and retired scientists, starting primarily with William Whewell, as a way to communicate the virtues of science to the public.
History_of_science_and_technology
Irish diaspora
The Irish diaspora () consists of Irish emigrants and their descendants in countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Mexico, South Africa, Brazil and states of the Caribbean and continental Europe. The diaspora, maximally interpreted, contains over 80 million people, which is over thirteen times the population of the island of Ireland itself (6.11 million in 2007) .
Irish_diaspora
Inertia
Inertia is the resistance of mass, i.e. any physical object, to a change in its state of motion. The principle of inertia is one of the fundamental principles of classical physics which are used to describe the motion of matter and how it is affected by applied forces. Inertia comes from the Latin word, "iners", meaning idle, or lazy. Sir Isaac Newton defined inertia in Definition 3 of his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which states
Inertia
John Dewey
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose thoughts and ideas have been highly influential in the United States and around the world. Dewey, along with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, is recognized as one of the founders of the philosophical school of pragmatism. He is also one of the founders of functional psychology and was a leading representative of the progressive movement in U.S. schooling during the first half of the 20th century.
John_Dewey
Justice
Justice is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, fairness, religion and/or equity.
Justice
Posthumous execution
Posthumous execution is the ritual or ceremonial execution of an already dead body.
Posthumous_execution
Process theology
Process theology is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). While there are process theologies that are similar, but unrelated to the work of Whitehead (such as Pierre Teilhard de Chardin) the term is generally applied to the Whiteheadian school. Process theology is unrelated to the Process Church.
Process_theology
Potato chip
Talk:Potato_chip
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Greek τέκτων; tektōn, meaning "builder" or "mason") describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century by Alfred Wegener, and seafloor spreading, understood during the 1960s.The outermost part of the Earth's interior is made up of two layers Above is the lithosphere, consisting of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle.
Plate_tectonics
School choice
School choice is a term used to describe a wide array of programs aimed at giving families the opportunity to choose the school their children will attend. As a matter of form, school choice does not give preference to one form of schooling or another, rather manifests itself whenever a student attends school outside of the one they would have been assigned to by geographic default.
School_choice
Speed of light
The speed of light normally refers the speed of light in a vacuum, and is an important physical constant in modern physics. Light travels at different speeds through different materials, but in vacuum light travels fastest, and the speed does not vary with the color, intensity, or direction of travel.
Speed_of_light
Lung
Lung
Fermat's principle
In optics, Fermat's principle or the principle of least time is the idea that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. This principle is sometimes taken as the definition of a ray of light.Fermat's Principle can be used to describe the properties of light rays reflected off mirrors, refracted through different media, or undergoing total internal reflection.
Fermat's_principle
Tornado
tornado is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many sizes but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.Most tornadoes have wind speeds between 40kilometers) before dissipating. Some attain wind speeds of more than 300
Tornado
Genetic algorithm
genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Genetic algorithms are categorized as global search heuristics. Genetic algorithms are a particular class of evolutionary algorithms(EA) that use techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as inheritance, mutation, selection, and crossover (also called recombination).
Genetic_algorithm
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion describes two distinct, but related observationsozone in Earth's stratosphere (ozone layer) since the late 1970s, and a much larger, but seasonal, decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth's polar regions during the same period. The latter phenomenon is commonly referred to as the ozone hole. In addition to this well-known stratospheric ozone depletion, there are also tropospheric ozone depletion events, which occur near the surface in polar regions during spring.
Ozone_depletion
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Sanskrit:'Bangla:Vaishnava Hindu teacher and the founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness,
A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada
Assassination/Archive 2
Talk:Assassination/Archive_2
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon rainforest (Brazilian Portuguese:Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; ), also known as Amazonia, or the Amazon jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America. This basin encompasses seven million square kilometers (1.7 billion acres), of which five and a half million square kilometers (1.4 billion acres) are covered by the rainforest.
Amazon_Rainforest
1896 Summer Olympics
The 1896 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in Athens, Greece, from AprilOlympic Games held in the Modern era. Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games, consequently Athens was perceived to be an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games.
1896_Summer_Olympics
Epigenetics
In biology, the term epigenetics refers to changes in phenotype (appearance) or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, hence the name epi- (Greek-genetics. These changes may remain through cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life and may also last for multiple generations.
Epigenetics
Libanius
Libanius (, Libanios; ca. 314-ca. 394) was a Greek-speaking teacher of rhetoric of the Sophist school. During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and regarded himself as a Hellene in religious matters. He was born into a once-influential, deeply cultured family of Antioch that had recently lost most of its wealth and influence.
Libanius
Epigenetics
Talk:Epigenetics
Literary theory
Talk:Literary_theory
Translation memory
translation memory, or TM, is a database that stores segments that have been previously translated. A translation-memory system stores the words, phrases and paragraphs that have already been translated and aid human translators. The translation memory stores the source text and its corresponding translation in language pairs called “translation units”.Some software programs that use translation memories are known as translation memory managers (TMM).
Translation_memory
Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ( or ), almost invariably referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located 25miles (40km) from the North Sea on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary.
Kingston_upon_Hull
Respiratory system
respiratory system'gas exchange. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on the organism. In humans and other mammals, for example, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.
Respiratory_system
Neuro-linguistic programming
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "a model of interpersonal communication chiefly concerned with the relationship between successful patterns of behaviour and the subjective experiences (esp. patterns of thought) underlying them" and "a system of alternative therapy based on this which seeks to educate people in self-awareness and effective communication, and to change their patterns of mental and emotional behaviour" The co-founders, Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder, claimed it would be instrumental in "finding ways to help people have better, fuller and richer lives".
Neuro-linguistic_programming
Tooth
Teeth (singular tooth) are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
Tooth
Thrust fault
thrust fault is a type of fault, or break in the Earth's crust across which there has been relative movement, in which rocks of lower stratigraphic position are pushed up and over higher strata. They are often recognized because they place older rocks above younger. Thrust faults are the result of compressional forces.
Thrust_fault
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking is the practice where tobacco is burned and the vapors either tasted or inhaled. The practice began as early as 5000-3000 BC.
Tobacco_smoking
Avalanche
This article refers to the natural event. For other uses, see Avalanche (disambiguation)An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a slope, from either natural triggers or human activity. Typically occurring in mountainous terrain, an avalanche can mix air and water with the descending snow.
Avalanche