| Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic alphabet or rather Cyrillic script (; also called azbuka, from the old names of the first two letters of almost all its variants) is a writing system, shared by six Slavic national languages (Bulgarian, Russian, Belarusian, Serbian, Macedonian, and Ukrainian) as well as non-Slavic (Moldovan, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Tajik and Tuvan of the former Soviet Union and Mongolian). Cyrillic_alphabet
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| Cannibalism Cannibalism (from Spanish Caníbalis, the Caribs) is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh of other humans. Cannibalism
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| Cardiff Cardiff (, ) is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for many national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. Cardiff
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| Cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with cholera vibrios from other cholera patients. The major reservoir for cholera was long assumed to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists that aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria. Cholera
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| Family name A family name or last name is a type of surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world. Each culture has its own rules as to how these names are applied and used.In many cultures (notably Western, Middle Eastern, and African) the family name is normally the last part of a person's name. Family_name
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| Jew A Jew (, Yehudi (sg.); , Yehudim (pl.); Ladino:Djudio (sg.); , Djudios (pl.); ; , Yidn (pl.)) is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation. Converts to Judaism have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia. Jew
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| Jewish holiday For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays, see Jewish holidays 2000-2050.The Jewish Holidays,A Jewish holiday or festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as a holy or secular commemoration of an important event in Jewish history. In Hebrew, Jewish holidays and festivals, depending on their nature, may be called yom tov ("good day") () or chag ("festival") or ta'anit ("fast"). Jewish_holiday
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| Lithuania Talk:Lithuania
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| Lincoln, Lincolnshire Lincoln () is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England.The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln has a population of around 101,000 - the 2001 census gave the entire urban area of Lincoln a population of 120,779. The council identifies a 'Greater Lincoln' catchment area covering surrounding villages and towns, which has a population of 250,000. Lincoln,_Lincolnshire
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| Mormonism Mormonism comprises the religious, institutional, and cultural elements of the early Latter Day Saint movement and its modern denominations deriving from the leadership of Brigham Young. Most specifically, Mormonism relates to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Mormon fundamentalism. Mormonism
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| Pandemic A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" + δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region; for instance a continent, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Pandemic
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| Poznań Talk:Poznań
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| Rashi For the astrological concept, see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa). Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (), better known by the acronym Rashi (), (February 22, 1040 medieval French rabbi famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise yet lucid fashion, Rashi appeals to both learned scholars and beginning students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary Jewish study. Rashi
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| Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald concentration camp (GermanKonzentrationslager or 'KZ' Buchenwald) was a Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg (Etter Mountain) near Weimar, Thuringia, Germany (at the time, Nazi Germany), in July 1937, and one of the largest and first camps on German soil. Buchenwald_concentration_camp
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| History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union The German minority in Russia and the Soviet Union was created from several sources and in several waves. The 1914 census puts the number of Germans living in Russian Empire at 2,416,290. In 1989, the German population of the Soviet Union was roughly 2 million. History_of_Germans_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union
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| Osip Mandelstam Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (also spelled Mandelshtam) () ( December 27, 1938) was a Russian poet and essayist, one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school of poets. Osip_Mandelstam
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| Armia Krajowa Talk:Armia_Krajowa
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| Osip Mandelstam Talk:Osip_Mandelstam
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| Częstochowa Częstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248,894 inhabitants (2004). It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975-1998). However, Czestochowa historically is part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia and before 1795 (seePartitions of Poland), it had belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship. Częstochowa
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| Sosnowiec Sosnowiec is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river (tributary of the Vistula).It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship. Sosnowiec
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| Eastern Europe Talk:Eastern_Europe
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| Lists of Jews Talk:Lists_of_Jews
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| Cluj-Napoca Romanian:Cluj, is the fourth largest city in Romania Cluj-Napoca
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| Reform Judaism Talk:Reform_Judaism
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| Jedwabne pogrom The Jedwabne pogrom (or Jedwabne massacre) () was the mass murder of Jewish residents of Jedwabne in German Nazi occupied Poland that took place on July 10, 1941, during World War II. The responsibility sensu stricto was ascribed to approximately 40 non-Jewish ethnic Polish men from or around the town of Jedwabne. Jedwabne_pogrom
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| Belzec extermination camp Belzec, Polish spelling Bełżec , was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for implementing Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust. Operating in 1942, the camp was situated in occupied Poland about half a mile south of the local railroad station of Bełżec in the Lublin district of the General Government. At least 434,500 Jews were killed at Bełżec, along with an unknown number of other Poles and Roma; only two Jews are known to have survived Bełżec Belzec_extermination_camp
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| Ger (Hasidic dynasty) Ger, or Gur (or Gerrer when used as an adjective) is a Hasidic dynasty originating from Ger, the Yiddish name of Góra Kalwaria, a small town in Poland. Prior to the Holocaust, Ger was the largest and most important Hasidic group in Poland. Today it is one of the largest Hasidic dynasties in the world, along with the Satmar dynasty. Ger_(Hasidic_dynasty)
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| Courland Courland (; ; Latin:Curonia / Couronia; ; ; ; ; ; ) is one of the cultural and historical regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland. Courland
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| Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln This article is about the boy known as Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln, who was the subject of a Medieval blood libel in 1255. For information about the adult saint, see Hugh of Lincoln. Hugh of Lincoln (1247 - August, 1255) was an English boy, whose disappearance prompted a blood libel with ramifications that reach until today. Little_Saint_Hugh_of_Lincoln
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| Trakai Talk:Trakai
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| Daugavpils Daugavpils () is the second largest city in Latvia. It is located approximately 230Riga, on the banks of the Daugava River. Daugavpils has a favorable geographical position as it borders Belarus and Lithuania (distances of 33 and 25Russia. Daugavpils is a big railway junction and industry centre.The city is surrounded by many lakes and nature parks. Daugavpils
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| Talsi Talsi () (population 12,879) is a town in Latvia. It is the center of Talsu county. Talsi
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| History of the Jews in Russia The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. Within these territories the Jewish community flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of intense antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecutions. History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia
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| Newcastle-under-Lyme Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as "castle" to many local people, is a market town in Staffordshire, England, and is the principal town of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. It is part of The Potteries Urban Area and North Staffordshire. In the 2001 census the town had a population of 73,944. It is not to be confused with the larger city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle-under-Lyme
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| Bukovina Bukovina (; /Bukovyna; German and Polish:Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. It is currently split between Romania and Ukraine. Bukovina
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| Tarascha Tarascha or Tarashcha () is a city in the Kiev Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Taraschanskyi Raion (district). Tarascha
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| Shtetl shtetl (, diminutive form of Yiddish shtot שטאָט, "town", pronounced very similarly to the South German diminutive "Städtle", "little town"; cf. MHG:Jewish population in pre-Holocaust Central and Eastern Europe. Shtetls (Yiddish plural:shtetlekh) were mainly found in the areas which constituted the 19th century Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire, the Congress Kingdom of Poland, Galicia, and Romania. Shtetl
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| Chesham Chesham (traditionally and locally or , although has become more common in usage) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Chesham is also a civil parish designated a town council within Chiltern district. Chesham
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| Mikhail Botvinnik Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (; ) (May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and three-time World Chess Champion. As an electrical engineer, he was one of the very few famous chess players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess.Botvinnik was the first world-class player to develop within the Soviet Union (Alekhine was a top player before the Russian Revolution), putting him under political pressure but also giving him considerable influence within Soviet chess. Mikhail_Botvinnik
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| Majdanek Majdanek was a German Nazi concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland, established during German Nazi occupation of Poland. The camp operated from October 1, 1941 until July 22, 1944, when it was captured nearly intact by the advancing Soviet Red Army. Although conceived as a forced labor camp and not as an extermination camp, over 79,000 people died there (59,000 of them Polish Jews) during the 34 months of its operation. Majdanek
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| Lviv Talk:Lviv
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| Stolin Stolin (; ; ; ) is a town in the Brest Voblast of Belarus. Nowadays, Stolin is the center of the largest district in Brest voblast. The population of Stolin is 12,500 people (2002). The Belarusian-Ukrainian border is about 15 km away, so Stolin is now a border city that hosts many Ukrainians on the market days. Russian speech is common here, but villagers prefer their dialects that are numerous and akin partly to the Belarusian language, partly the Ukrainian language. Stolin
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| Improvised explosive device An improvised explosive device (IED) is a homemade bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. One may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery round, attached to a detonating mechanism.IEDs may be used in terrorist actions or in unconventional warfare by guerrillas or commando forces in a theater of operations. Improvised_explosive_device
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| Marijampolė Marijampolė (), is an industrial city and the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The population of Marijampolė is 48,700 (2003). It is the Lithuanian center of the Suvalkija region. Under Soviet occupation from 1956 to 1989, the town was officially named Kapsukas, after Vincas Kapsukas, founder of the Lithuanian Communist Party. The historical name was restored just before Lithuania regained its independence. Marijampolė
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| Gazetteer gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or directory, an important reference for information about places and place names (seetoponomy), used in conjunction with a map or a full atlas. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup of a country, region, or continent as well as the social statistics and physical features, such as mountains, waterways, or roads. Gazetteer
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| Stroud, Gloucestershire Stroud is a town and civil parish in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is the main town in Stroud District.Situated below the western escarpment of the Cotswold Hills at the meeting point of the Five Valleys, the town is noted for its steep streets and cafe culture. The Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty surrounds the town in all directions, and the Cotswold Way path passes by it to the west. Stroud,_Gloucestershire
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| Neuengamme Neuengamme is a quarter of the district Bergedorf within the City of Hamburg, Germany. Before and during World War II, a Nazi concentration camp was established by the SS. Since this concentration camp was located in the quarter Neuengamme, the name of the concentration camp became KZ Neuengamme. Neuengamme
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| Newport Newport () is a city and unitary authority area of Wales. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, it is located about east of Cardiff, and is the largest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The City of Newport, which includes rural areas as well as the built up area, is governed by the unitary Newport City Council, and has a population of 140,200, making it the seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales. Newport
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| List of Lithuanians This is a list of Lithuanians, both people of Lithuanian descent and people with the birthplace or citizenship of Lithuania.In a case when a person was born in the territory of former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and not in the territory of modern Lithuania, only persons, who named themselves Lithuanians or were strictly connected to Lithuania in other way, are included. List_of_Lithuanians
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| Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany This article deals with territories annexed into Nazi Germany. For territories occupied in 1939 but not annexed, see General Government.At the beginning of World War II, nearly a quarter of the pre-war Polish areas were annexed by Nazi Germany and placed under German civil administration. The annexation was part of the "fourth" partition of Poland by the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, outlined months before in the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany
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