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English Wikipedia references for Jci.org 1-20 of 116
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| Autism Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years old. Autism | |
| Intelligent design Intelligent design is the assertion that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." It is a modern form of the traditional teleological argument for the existence of God, but one which avoids specifying the nature or identity of the designer. Intelligent_design | |
| Lung cancer Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung_cancer | |
| Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture. Osteoporosis | |
| Phenylketonuria Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine. When PAH is deficient, phenylalanine accumulates and is converted into phenylpyruvate (also known as phenylketone), which is detected in the urine. Phenylketonuria | |
| Wart Wart | |
| Cervical cancer Cervical cancer is malignant cancer of the cervix uteri or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages. Cervical_cancer | |
| Perineum In human anatomy, the perineum is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx. The perineum is the region of the body inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and between the legs. It is a diamond-shaped area on the inferior surface of the trunk which includes the anus and, in females, the vagina. Its definition variesThe perineum corresponds to the outlet of the pelvis. Perineum | |
| Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde (systematicallyethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO or MeCHO. It is a flammable liquid. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and bread, and is produced by plants as part of their normal metabolism. It is popularly known as a chemical that causes hangovers. Acetaldehyde | |
| Prostaglandin prostaglandin is any member of a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring. physiological effects. Although they are technically hormones, they are rarely classified as such.The prostaglandins together with the thromboxanes and prostacyclins form the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives. The prostanoid is a subclass of eicosanoids. Prostaglandin | |
| T cell T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors (TCR). T_cell | |
| Medical cannabis Medical cannabis, (commonly referred to as "Medical marijuana"), refers to the use of the cannabis plant as a physician-recommended drug or herbal therapy, as well as synthetic THC and other cannabinoids. Medical_cannabis | |
| Coagulation Coagulation is a complex process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of hemostasis (the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel), wherein a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel. Disorders of coagulation can lead to an increased risk of bleeding (hemorrhage) or clotting (thrombosis). Coagulation | |
| Thiomersal Thiomersal (INN) (C9H9HgNaO2S), or sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, commonly known in the United States as thimerosal, is an organomercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.It was invented and patented by Morris Kharasch. Thiomersal | |
| Renin Renin ( ), also known as Angiotensinogenase, is a circulating enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that mediates extracellular volume (i.e. that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction. Thus it regulates the body's mean arterial blood pressure. Renin | |
| Metformin Metformin (INN; trade names Glucophage, Riomet, Fortamet, Glumetza, Obimet, Dianben, Diabex, Diaformin, and others) () is an oral anti-diabetic drug from the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function, and evidence suggests it may be the best choice for people with heart failure. It is also used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Metformin | |
| Phillip E. Johnson Phillip E. Johnson (born 18th June 1940) is a retired UC Berkeley law professor and author. He became a born-again Christian as a tenured professor. He is considered the father of the intelligent design movement, which rejects the theory of evolution, and promotes intelligent design, as an alternative. Johnson also denies that HIV is the sole cause of AIDS. The scientific community dismisses both notions as pseudoscience. Phillip_E._Johnson | |
| Flavonoid Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) are a class of plant secondary metabolites. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, they can be classified into flavonoids, derived from 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure isoflavonoids, derived from 3-phenylchromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure neoflavonoids, derived from 4-phenylcoumarine (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure. Flavonoid | |
| Persistent vegetative state A persistent vegetative state is a condition of patients with severe brain damage who were in a coma, but then progressed to a state of wakefulness without detectable awareness. It is a diagnosis of some uncertainty in that it deals with a syndrome, not an etiology. It is classified as a Permanent Vegetative State (PVS) after approximately 1 year of being in a Persistent Vegetative State which is called so after 4 weeks in a Vegetative State (VS). Persistent_vegetative_state | |
| C-reactive protein C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein found in the blood in response to inflammation (an acute-phase protein). CRP is synthesized by the liver in response to factors released by fat cells (adipocytes). It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. C-reactive_protein |
