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English Wikipedia references for Harvard.edu 1-50 of 24356
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| Autism Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years old. Autism | |
| Albedo The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the Sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity. Albedo is defined as diffusely reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation. It is a unitless measure indicative of a surface's or body's diffuse reflectivity. The word is derived from Latin albedo "whiteness", in turn from albus "white", and was introduced into optics Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria. Albedo | |
| Altruism Altruism (from welfare of others or the public interest. Altruism | |
| Acid An acid (from the Latin acidus meaning sour) is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water, i.e. a pH less than 7.0. That approximates the modern definition of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Martin Lowry, who independently defined an acid as a compound which donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to another compound (called a base). Acid | |
| Android An android is a robot or synthetic organism designed to look and act like a human. The word derives from ανδρός, the genitive of the Greek ανήρ anēr, meaning "man", and the suffix -eides, used to mean "of the species; alike" (from eidos, "species"). Android | |
| Albert Einstein Albert (; German:Jewish, German-born, theoretical physicist of the 20th century who is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Albert_Einstein | |
| Azerbaijan Azerbaijan | |
| Amateur astronomy Amateur astronomy, also called backyard astronomy, is a hobby whose participants enjoy watching the night sky (and the day sky too, for sunspots, eclipses, etc.), and the plethora of objects found in it, mainly with portable telescopes and binoculars. Even though scientific research is not their main goal, many amateur astronomers make a contribution to astronomy by monitoring variable stars, tracking asteroids and discovering transient objects, such as comets. Amateur_astronomy | |
| Abortion An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus/embryo, resulting in or caused by its death. An abortion can occur spontaneously due to complications during pregnancy or can be induced, in humans and other species. Abortion | |
| Asteroid Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, are small Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun, especially in the inner Solar System; they are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids. The term "asteroid" has historically been applied primarily to bodies in the inner Solar System since the outer Solar System was poorly known when it came into common usage. The distinction between asteroids and comets is made on visual appearancecoma while asteroids do not. Asteroid | |
| Aries (constellation) Aries (, or formally ; genitive Arietis ) is one of constellations of the zodiac, located between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. Its name is Latin for ram, and its symbol is (), representing a ram's horns. Aries_(constellation) | |
| Aquarius (constellation) Aquarius (, genitive Aquarii ) is a constellation of the zodiac, situated between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for water-bearer or cup-bearer, and its symbol is (), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the sun's apparent path). It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish and Eridanus the river. Aquarius_(constellation) | |
| Attila the Hun Attila (406Attila the Hun, was the Emperor of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the River Danube to the Baltic Sea (see map below). During his rule, he was one of the most fearsome of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires' enemiesBalkans twice and marched through Gaul (modern France) as far as Orleans before being defeated at the Battle of Chalons. Attila_the_Hun | |
| Atom Atom | |
| Antisemitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also known as Judeophobia) is a term used to describe prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their religion, culture, or ethnic background.While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, it has been used exclusively to refer to hostility toward Jews since its initial usage. Antisemitism | |
| Astronomical unit An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or sometimes ua) is a unit of length roughly equal to the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun. It is approximately 150 million kilometres (93 million miles). The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, but au is more common in Anglosphere countries. Astronomical_unit | |
| Ammonia Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia | |
| Algol Algol | |
| Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek:c. 287c. 212Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and the explanation of the principle of the lever. Archimedes | |
| Andreas Capellanus Andreas Capellanus (Capellanus meaning "chaplain") was the twelfth century author of a treatise commonly entitled De amore ("About Love"), and often known in English, somewhat misleadingly, as The Art of Courtly Love, though its realistic, somewhat cynical tone suggests that it is in some measure an antidote to courtly love. Andreas_Capellanus | |
| Apparent magnitude apparent magnitude (m) of a celestial body is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value it would have in the absence of the atmosphere. The brighter the object appears, the lower the value of its magnitude. Apparent_magnitude | |
| Absolute magnitude In astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude when measured in the standard V phometric band) measures a celestial object's intrinsic brightness. To derive the absolute magnitude from the observed apparent magnitude of a celestial object its value is corrected for distance to the observer. Absolute_magnitude | |
| Alpha Centauri Alpha_Centauri | |
| American and British English differences American English and British English, which, for the purposes of these articles, are defined as follows American English (AmE) is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States of America. British English (BrE) is the form of English used in the United Kingdom. It includes all English dialects used within the United Kingdom. American_and_British_English_differences | |
| Aeschylus Aeschylus ( or , Greek:Ασχύλος, Aiskhylos, c. 525 BC/524 BC c. 456 BC/455 BC) was an ancient Greek playwright. He is often recognized as the father of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedians whose plays survive, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. Aeschylus | |
| African American Black Americans or African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry. African_American | |
| Arthur Stanley Eddington Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM, FRS (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was a British astrophysicist of the early 20th century. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honour.He is famous for his work regarding the Theory of Relativity. Arthur_Stanley_Eddington | |
| Analog computer An analog computer (spelled analogue in British English) is a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. Analog_computer | |
| Adrastea (moon) Adrastea_(moon) | |
| Andrei Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov () (May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989) was an eminent Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. Andrei_Sakharov | |
| Anthropic principle physics and cosmology, the anthropic principle is the collective name for several ways of asserting that physical and chemical theories, especially astrophysics and cosmology, need to take into account that there is life on Earth, and that one form of that life, Homo sapiens, has attained sapience. The only kind of universe humans can occupy is one that is similar to the current one. Anthropic_principle | |
| Anthropic principle Talk:Anthropic_principle | |
| Archaeopteryx Archaeopteryx, sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird"), is the earliest and most primitive bird known. The name is from the Ancient Greek (archaios) meaning "ancient", and (pteryx), meaning "feather" or "wing"; . Archaeopteryx lived in the late Jurassic Period around 150–145Germany during a time when Europe was an archipelago of islands in a shallow warm tropical sea, much closer to the equator than it is now. Archaeopteryx | |
| Aldebaran Aldebaran (α Tau, α Tauri, Alpha Tauri) is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus and one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky. Because of its location in the head of Taurus, it has historically been called the Bull's Eye. Aldebaran has the appearance of being the brightest member of the more scattered Hyades cluster, which is the closest star cluster to Earth. Aldebaran | |
| Altair Altair | |
| Arianespace Arianespace SA is a French company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial space transportation company. They undertake the production, operation, and marketing of the Ariane 5 rocket launcher as part of the Ariane programme. , Arianespace held more than 50 percent of the world market for boosting satellites to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). Arianespace | |
| Belgium Belgium | |
| Basque language Basque (native name:Euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in north-eastern Spain and south-western France.It is spoken by approximately a third of the Basques, with its stronghold in the contiguous area from central Biscay through Gipuzkoa, northern Navarre and parts of Labourd to sparsely populated Lower Navarre and Soule. Basque_language | |
| BPP In complexity theory, BPP is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all instances. The abbreviation BPP refers to Bounded-error, Probabilistic, Polynomial time. BPP | |
| Big Bang The Big Bang is a cosmological model of the initial conditions and subsequent development of the universe. It is supported by the most comprehensive and accurate explanations from current scientific evidence and observation. As used by cosmologists, the term Big Bang generally refers to the idea that the universe has expanded from a primordial hot and dense initial condition at some finite time in the past, and continues to expand to this day. Big_Bang | |
| Barnard's Star Barnard's_Star | |
| Boston Boston | |
| BCS theory The BCS theory reproduces the isotope effect, which is the experimental observation that for a given superconducting material, the critical temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the isotope used in the material. The isotope effect was reported by two groups on the 24th of March 1950, who discovered it independently working with different mercury isotopes, although a few days before publication they learned of each other's results at the ONR conference in Atlanta, Georgia. BCS_theory | |
| Bose–Einstein condensate Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of weakly interacting bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (, , or ). Under such conditions, a large fraction of the bosons collapse into the lowest quantum state of the external potential, and all wave functions overlap each other, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale. Bose–Einstein_condensate | |
| Black hole In general relativity, a black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, including light, can escape its pull. The black hole has a one-way surface, called an event horizon, into which objects can fall, but out of which nothing can come. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits it, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect blackbody in thermodynamics. Quantum analysis of black holes shows them to possess a temperature and Hawking radiation. Black_hole | |
| Brahui language The Brahui (بروہی) or Brahvi is a language spoken by Brahui people. It is the only Dravidian language exclusively spoken out of India.Brahui is spoken in the southwest region of Pakistan and border regions of Afghanistan and Iran with Pakistan. The 2005 edition of Ethnologue reports that some 2.2 million speakers are in the world and 90% of whom live in Pakistan, where it is mainly spoken in the Kalat region of Balochistan. Brahui_language | |
| Background radiation Background radiation is constantly present in the environment and is emitted from a variety of natural and artificial sources. Primary contributions come from Sources in the earth. These include sources in food and water, which are incorporated in the body, and in building materials and other products that incorporate those radioactive sources; Sources from space, in the form of cosmic rays; Sources in the atmosphere. Background_radiation | |
| Colombia Colombia | |
| Creationism "Creationism" can also refer to creation myths, or to a concept about the origin of the soul. For the movement in Spanish literature, see creacionismo.Creationism is the belief that humanity, life, the Earth, and the universe were created in their original form by a deity (often the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity and Islam) or deities. creation-evolution controversy the term creationism is commonly used to refer to religiously motivated rejection of evolution as an explanation of origins. Creationism | |
| Capricornus Capricornus (, genitive Capricorni ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac; it is often called Capricorn, especially when referring to the corresponding astrological sign. Its name is Latin for "horned male goat" or "goat horn", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea-goat ().Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 1st century astronomer Ptolemy. Capricornus |
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