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English Wikipedia references for Gutenberg.org 1-50 of 9724
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| Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which consider the state, as compulsory government, to be unnecessary, harmful, and/or undesirable, and promote the elimination of the state or anarchy. Specific anarchists may have additional criteria for what constitutes anarchism, and they often disagree with each other on what these criteria are. Anarchism | |
| Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln had been a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. Abraham_Lincoln | |
| Aristotle Aristotle (, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle | |
| Ayn Rand Ayn_Rand | |
| Alchemy Alchemy (Arabic:al-kimia) (Hebrew:al-himia) is both a philosophy and a practice with an aim of achieving ultimate wisdom as well as immortality, involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of several substances described as possessing unusual properties. The practical aspect of alchemy generated the basics of modern inorganic chemistry, namely concerning procedures, equipment and the identification and use of many current substances. Alchemy | |
| Aldous Huxley Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894Huxley family. He spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death in 1963. Best known for his novels and wide-ranging output of essays, he also published short stories, poetry, travel writing, and film stories and scripts. Aldous_Huxley | |
| A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729. Swift appears to suggest in his essay that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. A_Modest_Proposal | |
| Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788–September 21, 1860) German philosopher known for his atheistic pessimism and philosophical clarity. At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the fundamental question of whether reason alone can unlock answers about the world. Arthur_Schopenhauer | |
| Alfred Korzybski Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski () (July 3, 1879 March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American philosopher and scientist. He is most remembered for developing the theory of general semantics. Alfred_Korzybski | |
| A. A. Milne Alan Alexander Milne () (18 January 1882 English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. A._A._Milne | |
| Agatha Christie Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 12 January 1976), commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime writer of novels, short stories and plays. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but is best remembered for her 80 detective novels and her successful West End theatre plays. Agatha_Christie | |
| Hercule Poirot Hercule Poirot ( in French) is a fictional Belgian detective created by Agatha Christie. Along with Miss Marple, Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels and 51 short stories that were published between 1920 and 1975 and set in the same era. Poirot has been portrayed on screen, for films and television, by various actors including Albert Finney, Peter Ustinov, Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina, and David Suchet. Hercule_Poirot | |
| Aristophanes Aristophanes (, ca. 446 – ca. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus, was a prolific and much acclaimed comic playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete. These, as well as fragments of some of his other plays, provide us with the only real example we have of a genre of comi Aristophanes | |
| Anatole France Anatole France (16 April 1844—12 October 1924), born François-Anatole Thibault, Anatole_France | |
| André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide () (22 November 1869—19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1947. Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars.Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposes to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation between the two sides of his personality, split apart by a straight-laced education and a narrow social moralism. André_Gide | |
| Afterlife afterlife (also referred to as life after death, the hereafter, or the great unknown) is the concept of a continued existence for the soul, spirit or mind of a being after biological death. Major views on the afterlife derive from religion, esotericism and metaphysics. Afterlife | |
| American (word) American in the English language varies, according to the historic, geographic, and political context in which it is used. It derives from America, a term originally denoting all of the New World (also called "the Americas"). It retains this Pan-American sense, but its usage evolved over time, and due to various historical reasons the word came to denote people or things specifically from the United States of America. American_(word) | |
| Abbotsford House Abbotsford is a historic house in the region of the Scottish Borders in the south of Scotland, near Melrose, on the south bank of the River Tweed. It was formerly the residence of historical novelist and poet, Walter Scott. The nucleus of the estate was a small farm of 100 acres (0.4Melrose Abbey used to cross the river. Abbotsford_House | |
| Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace, OM, FRS (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. He is best known for independently proposing a theory of natural selection which prompted Charles Darwin to publish his own theory.Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the Wallace Line that divides Indonesia into two distinct parts, one in which animals closely related to those of Australia are common, and one in which the species are largely of Asian origin. Alfred_Russel_Wallace | |
| Agapanthus africanus Agapanthus_africanus | |
| Agathon Agathon () (ca. 448Athenian tragic poet. He is best known for his appearance in Plato's Symposium, which describes the banquet given to celebrate his obtaining a prize for his first tragedy at the Lenaia in (416). He is also a prominent character in Aristophanes' comedy the Thesmophoriazusae. Agathon | |
| Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829military governor of Florida (1821), commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans (1815), and eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. A polarizing figure who dominated American politics in the 1820s and 1830s, his political ambition combined with widening political participation, shaping the modern Democratic Party. Andrew_Jackson | |
| Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 17th President of the United States (1865the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. He was the first U.S. President to be impeached. At the time of the secession of the Southern states, Johnson was a U.S. Senator from Greeneville in eastern Tennessee. Andrew_Johnson | |
| Ainu people Talk:Ainu_people | |
| Alfred the Great Alfred the Great (, "elf-advice"; 849 – 26 October 899), also spelled Ælfred, was king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English king to be given the epithet "the Great". Alfred_the_Great | |
| Amazons The Amazons (, ამორძალები) are a nation of all-female warriors in Classical and Greek mythology. Herodotus placed them in a region bordering Scythia in Sarmatia (modern territory of Ukraine). Other historiographers place them in Asia Minor or Libya. Amazons | |
| An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist and philosopher David Hume, published in 1748. It was a simplification of an earlier effort, Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, published anonymously in London in 1739Treatise, which "fell dead-born from the press," as he put it, and so tried again to disseminate his ideas to the public by writing a shorter and more polemical work. An_Enquiry_concerning_Human_Understanding | |
| Acetylene Acetylene (IUPAC namechemical compound with the formula HC2H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colourless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution.As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because its two carbon atoms are bonded together in a triple bond. The carbon-carbon triple bond places all four atoms in the same straight line, with CCH bond angles of 180°. Acetylene | |
| Apuleius Lucius Apuleius Platonicus (c. 123/125 – c. 180) was a Latin prose writer remembered most for his bawdy picaresque novel, the Metamorphoses, otherwise known as The Golden Ass (Asinus Aureus). Apuleius was a Romanized Berber who described himself as "half-Numidian half-Gaetulian." Apuleius | |
| Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek:c. 287c. 212Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and the explanation of the principle of the lever. Archimedes | |
| Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (8 September 1873 French writer born in Laval, Mayenne, France, not far from the border of Brittany; he was of Breton descent on his mother's side. Best known for his play Ubu Roi (1896), which is often cited as a forerunner to the surrealist theatre of the 1920s and 1930s, Jarry wrote in a variety of genres and styles. Alfred_Jarry | |
| Acetylene Talk:Acetylene | |
| Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie (properly , but commonly or ) (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919) was a Scottish-born American industrialist, businessman, and a major philanthropist. He was an immigrant as a child with his parents. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Andrew_Carnegie | |
| Arbor Day Arbor Day is a holiday in which individuals and groups are encouraged to plant trees. Arbor Day originated in Nebraska City, Nebraska, United States and is celebrated in a number of countries.Though it was founded officially by J. Sterling Morton in Nebraska in 1872, the celebration may have its original roots in Judaism in a celebration called Tu B'Shevat. Arbor_Day | |
| Aeschylus Aeschylus ( or , Greek:Ασχύλος, Aiskhylos, c. 525 BC/524 BC c. 456 BC/455 BC) was an ancient Greek playwright. He is often recognized as the father of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedians whose plays survive, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. Aeschylus | |
| Anne Brontë Anne Brontë () (17 January 1820 British novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family. The daughter of a poor Irish clergyman in the Church of England, Anne Brontë lived most of her life with her family at the remote village of Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. Anne_Brontë | |
| Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454 February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer. It has long been the notion that the continents of America derives its name from the feminized Latin version of his first name (However this posit was later disputed by some as discussed on the wikipage Naming of America).. Amerigo_Vespucci | |
| Atlantis Atlantis (in Greek, , "daughter of Atlas") is a legendary island first mentioned in Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias.In Plato's account, Atlantis was a naval power lying "in front of the Pillars of Hercules" that conquered many parts of Western Europe and Africa 9,000 years before the time of Solon, or approximately 9600 BC. After a failed attempt to invade Athens, Atlantis sank into the ocean "in a single day and night of misfortune". Atlantis | |
| Arcology Arcology, a portmanteau of the words "architecture" and "ecology," is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design of enormous habitats (hyperstructures) of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures, called "arcologies," would contain a variety of residential and commercial facilities and minimize individual human environmental impact. They are often portrayed as self-contained or economically self-sufficient. Arcology | |
| Arthur Conan Doyle Talk:Arthur_Conan_Doyle | |
| Acadia University Acadia University is a non-denominational, predominantly undergraduate university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada with some graduate programs at the master's level and one at the doctoral level. Acadia_University | |
| Avery Hopwood Avery Hopwood (May 28, 1882 - July 1, 1928), who was born in Cleveland and graduated from the University of Michigan, was one of the most successful playwrights of the Jazz Age, having four plays running simultaneously on Broadway in 1920. Hopwood started out as a journalist for a Cleveland newspaper as its New York correspondent, but within a year had a play, "Clothes," produced on Broadway. Avery_Hopwood | |
| Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh () (, translation:Province of Andhras), abbreviated A.P.,is a state situated on eastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. The State has the second longest coastline (972Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the East, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west. Andhra_Pradesh | |
| Anode An anode is an electrode through which electric current flows into a polarized electrical device. MnemonicA widespread misconception is that anode polarity is always positive. This is often incorrectly inferred from the correct fact that in all electrochemical devices negatively charged anions move towards the anode (whence their name) and/or positively charged cations move away from it. Anode | |
| Albrecht Dürer Albrecht Dürer () (May 21, 1471 German painter, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Renaissance in Northern Europe ever since. Albrecht_Dürer | |
| A cappella A cappella (Italian for From the chapel/choir) music is vocal music or singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. A cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. A_cappella | |
| Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( – ) (, ) was a Russian short-story writer, playwright and physician, considered to be one of the greatest short-story writers in world literature. His career as a dramatist produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Anton_Chekhov | |
| Arthur Phillip Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 Governor of New South Wales, the first European colony on the Australian continent, and was the founder of the site which is now the city of Sydney. Arthur_Phillip | |
| Ant Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae (), and along with the related wasps and bees, they belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130diversified after the rise of flowering plants. Today, more than 12,000 species are classified with upper estimates of about 14,000 species. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist. Ant | |
| A Vindication of the Rights of Woman A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), written by the eighteenth-century British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of the eighteenth century who did not believe women should have an education. A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman |
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