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English Wikipedia references for Gmu.edu 1-50 of 1200
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| Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which consider the state, as compulsory government, to be unnecessary, harmful, and/or undesirable, and promote the elimination of the state or anarchy. Specific anarchists may have additional criteria for what constitutes anarchism, and they often disagree with each other on what these criteria are. Anarchism | |
| Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-capitalism (a form of free-market anarchism), is an individualist anarchist political philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and the elevation of the sovereign individual in a free market. In an anarcho-capitalist society, law enforcement, courts, and all other security services are provided by voluntarily-funded competitors such as private defense agencies rather than through compulsory taxation, and money is privately produced in an open market. Anarcho-capitalism | |
| Austrian School The Austrian School (also known as the “Vienna School” or the “Psychological School”) is a heterodox school of economics that emphasizes the spontaneous organizing power of the price mechanism. It holds that the complexity of subjective human choices makes mathematical modelling of the evolving market extremely difficult (or undecideable) and advocates a laissez faire approach to the economy. Austrian_School | |
| Alamanni The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river (Germany). One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211–17 and claimed thereby to be their defeater. Alamanni | |
| American English American English (variously abbreviated AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), also known as United States English or U.S. English, is a set of dialects of the English language used mostly in the United States. Approximately two thirds of native speakers of English live in the United States. American_English | |
| Aeon The word aeon, also spelled eon or æon, means "age", "forever" or "for eternity". It is a Latin transliteration from the koine Greek word (aion), from the archaic (aiwon). In Homer it typically refers to life or lifespan, but by at least Hesiod it could refer to ages or generations. It has a similar meaning to the Sanskrit word kalpa and Hebrew word olam. A cognate Latin word aevum or aeuum (cf. ) for "age" is present in words such as longevity and mediæval. Aeon | |
| American Revolution In this article, the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans", with occasional references to "Patriots", "Whigs", "Rebels", or "Revolutionaries". Colonists who supported the British in opposing the Revolution are usually referred to as "Loyalists" or "Tories". (See section 2 below for a detailed explanation.) The geographical area of the thirteen colonies that both groups shared is often referred to simply as "America". American_Revolution | |
| Arab–Israeli conflict Talk:Arab–Israeli_conflict | |
| The Birth of a Nation The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman), is a 1915 silent film directed by D. W. Griffith; Set during and after the American Civil War, the film was based on Thomas Dixon's The Clansman, a novel and play. The Birth of a Nation is noted for its innovative technical and narrative achievements, and its status as the first Hollywood "blockbuster." It has provoked great controversy for its treatment of white supremacy and its positive portrayal of the Ku Klux Klan. The_Birth_of_a_Nation | |
| Barry Goldwater Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–1987) and the Republican Party's nominee for President in the 1964 election. He was also a Major General in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He was known as "Mr. Conservative." Goldwater is the politician most often credited for sparking the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s. He also had a substantial impact on the libertarian movement. Barry_Goldwater | |
| Computing Computing is usually defined as the activity of using and developing computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Computing | |
| Communism/Archive 8 Talk:Communism/Archive_8 | |
| Carl Menger Talk:Carl_Menger | |
| Carl Menger Carl Menger (February 28, 1840 February 26, 1921) was the founder of the Austrian School of economics, famous for contributing to the development of the theory of marginal utility that refuted the cost-of-production theories of value developed by the classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo.Menger was born in Nowy Sącz (at that time Neu Sandec, in Austrian Galicia, but now in Poland). Carl_Menger | |
| Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, having served since 1991. Justice Thomas is the second African American to serve on the nation's highest court, after Justice Thurgood Marshall whom he succeeded.Thomas grew up in Georgia, and graduated from college and law school in New England. Clarence_Thomas | |
| DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints or a recipe, or a code, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. DNA | |
| Drake equation The Drake equation (also sometimes called the "Green Bank equation," the "Green Bank Formula," or erroneously labeled the "Sagan equation") is a famous result in the fields of exobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).This equation was devised by Dr. Drake_equation | |
| Developmental psychology ''human development, is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of the life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence and adult development, aging, and the entire life span. Developmental_psychology | |
| Encyclopedia An encyclopedia (also spelled encyclopaedia or encyclopædia) is a comprehensive written compendium that holds information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. Encyclopedias are divided into articles with one article on each subject covered. The articles on subjects in an encyclopedia are usually accessed alphabetically by article name and can be contained in one volume or many volumes, depending on the amount of material included. Encyclopedia | |
| Economic calculation problem The economic calculation problem is a criticism of socialist economics, or more precisely economic planning. It was first proposed by Ludwig von Mises in 1920 and later expounded by Friedrich Hayek. The problem referred to is that of how to distribute resources rationally in an economy. Economic_calculation_problem | |
| French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. French_Revolution | |
| Fermi paradox The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of evidence for, or contact with, such civilizations. Fermi_paradox | |
| Great Plague of London Great Plague (1665-1666) was a massive outbreak of disease in England that killed an estimated 100,000 people, 20% of London's population. The disease was historically identified as bubonic plague, an infection by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through a flea vector. Great_Plague_of_London | |
| Galaxy A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system that consists of stars and stellar remnants, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and an important but poorly understood component tentatively dubbed dark matter. The name is from the Greek root galaxias Milky Way galaxy. Galaxy | |
| George Mason University George Mason University (often referred to as GMU or Mason) is a large public university with a main campus in unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, south of and adjacent to the city of Fairfax. Additional campuses are located nearby in Arlington County, Prince William County, and Loudoun County.Named after American revolutionary, patriot, and founding father George Mason, the University was founded as a branch of the University of Virginia in 1957 and became an independent institution in 1972. George_Mason_University | |
| Gerrymandering Gerrymandering is a form of redistribution in which electoral district or constituency boundaries are deliberately modified for electoral advantage. Gerrymandering may be used to help or hinder particular constituents, such as members of a political, racial, linguistic, religious or class group.The term gerrymandering is derived from Elbridge Gerry (1744Massachusetts from 1810 to 1812. Gerrymandering | |
| History of Haiti The recorded history of Haiti began on December 5, 1492 when the European navigator Christopher Columbus happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean Sea. It was inhabited by the Taíno, an Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Kiskeya. Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, and renamed it La Isla Española ("the Spanish Island"), or Hispañola (later Anglicized as Hispaniola). History_of_Haiti | |
| Half-life Half-life | |
| History of the graphical user interface The graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, has over the last four decades a steady history of incremental refinements built on some constant core principles. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code but sharing the same basic elements that define the WIMP paradigm. History_of_the_graphical_user_interface | |
| Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (; 22 April 1724 12 February 1804) was an 18th-century German philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the late Enlightenment. Kant created a new widespread perspective in philosophy which influenced philosophy through to the 21st Century. Immanuel_Kant | |
| Japanese language Talk:Japanese_language | |
| Java (programming language) Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java_(programming_language) | |
| Rumi Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلالالدین محمد رومی), but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi, (30 September 1207Persian poet, Islamic jurist, theologian, and mystic. Rūmī is a descriptive name meaning "the Roman" since he lived most of his life in an area called Rūm because it was once ruled by the Byzantine Empire. Rumi | |
| Larry Sanger Lawrence Mark "Larry" Sanger (born July 16, 1968 Larry_Sanger | |
| Lynx (web browser) Lynx is a free open-source, text-only Web browser for use on cursor-addressable character cell terminals. Supported protocols are Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, WAIS, and NNTP. Lynx_(web_browser) | |
| Minimum wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers. Equivalently, it is the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labor. Although minimum wage laws are in effect in a great many jurisdictions, there are differences of opinion about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage. Minimum_wage | |
| Minnesota Minnesota | |
| Marshall Plan Marshall Plan (from its enactment, officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Marshall_Plan | |
| Mark Twain Talk:Mark_Twain | |
| Precedent common law legal systems, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court or other judicial body utilizes when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Precedent | |
| Propaganda Propaganda is the dissemination of information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of people. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense, often presents information primarily in order to influence its audience. Propaganda | |
| Political correctness Political correctness (adjectivally, politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC) is a term applied to language, ideas, policies, or behavior seeking to conform to authority or orthodox thought. Usually this term is used in a sarcastic way to imply or ridicule the authority or thought as unquestionable or authoritative beyond discussion. Political_correctness | |
| Paul Robeson Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson (April 9, 1898–January 23, 1976) was an African-American actor of film and stage, All-American and professional athlete, writer, multi-lingual orator, lawyer, and basso profondo concert singer who was also noted for his wide-ranging social justice activism. Paul_Robeson | |
| Telecommunications in the People's Republic of China "Telecommunications in China" redirects here. For the industry, see Telecommunications industry in China. This article is about Communications in the People's Republic of China, excluding Hong Kong and Macau (see Communications in Hong Kong and Communications in Macau). Telecommunications_in_the_People's_Republic_of_China | |
| Protest song protest song is a song which is associated with a movement for social change and hence part of the broader category of topical songs (or songs connected to current events). It may be folk, classical, or commercial in genre. Among social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labor movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, and Environmentalism. Protest_song | |
| Robert Byrd Robert Carlyle Byrd (born November 20, 1917) is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia, and a member and former Senate Leader of the Democratic Party. Byrd has been a Senator since January 3, 1959 and is the longest-serving member in the Senate's history. Robert_Byrd | |
| Religion A religion is an organized approach to human spirituality which usually encompasses a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices, often with a supernatural or transcendent quality, that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, God or gods, or ultimate truth. Religion | |
| Real-time computing In computer science, real-time computing (RTC) is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a "real-time constraint"—i.e., operational deadlines from event to system response. By contrast, a non-real-time system is one for which there is no deadline, even if fast response or high performance is desired or preferred. Real-time_computing | |
| Retrovirus A retrovirus is an RNA virus that is replicated in a host cell via the enzyme reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA genome. The DNA is then incorporated into the host's genome by an integrase enzyme. The virus thereafter replicates as part of the host cell's DNA. Retrovirus | |
| Mass racial violence in the United States Mass racial violence in the United States, often described using the term "race riots," includes such disparate events as attacks on Irish Catholics and other early immigrants in the 19th century attacks on black people in the period after Reconstruction. frequent fighting among various ethnic groups in major cities, specifically in the northeast and midwest United States throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States |
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