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English Wikipedia references for Foreignaffairs.org 1-50 of 507
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| Albert Speer Albert Speer (born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer and ; MarchGerman architect who was, for part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. Albert_Speer | |
| Boris Yeltsin Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (; ) (1 February 1931 23 April 2007) was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Yeltsin came to power with a wave of high expectations. On 12 June 1991 he was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president. Boris_Yeltsin | |
| Capitalism Capitalism is an economic and social system in which trade and industry are privately controlled for profit rather than by the state. The means of production, which is otherwise known as capital and includes land are owned, operated, and traded for the purpose of generating profits, without force or fraud, by private individuals either singly or jointly. Capitalism | |
| Foreign relations of Cuba Cuba's once-ambitious foreign policy has been scaled back and redirected as a result of economic hardship after the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Without massive Soviet subsidies and its primary trading partner Cuba was comparatively isolated in the 1990s, but has since entered bilateral co-operation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia. Foreign_relations_of_Cuba | |
| Civil war A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving regular armed forces, that is sustained, organized and large-scale. Civil wars result in large numbers of casualties and the expenditure of large amounts of resource. Civil_war | |
| Foreign policy of the United States The foreign policy of the United States is the policy by which the United States interacts with foreign nations. United States foreign policy is highly influential on the world stage, as it is the only remaining superpower. The global reach of the United States is backed by a 13 trillion dollar economy, the largest in the world of all countries formally recognized by the United States for which data is available is here; the military expenditures for said countries is available here; and the political details are available on the main United States page here here. Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States | |
| Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping (; 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese politician. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng became a reformer who led China towards market economics. While Deng never held office as the head of state or the head of government, he nonetheless served as the Paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to the early 1990s.Inheriting a China wrought with social and institutional woes left over from the devastating Cultural Revolution and other mass political movements of the Mao era, Deng was the core of the second generation Chinese leadership. Deng_Xiaoping | |
| Politics of Eritrea Politics of Eritrea takes place in a framework of a single-party presidential republic, whereby the President of Eritrea is both head of state and head of government and a single-party state, led by the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. The National Assembly of 150 seats, formed in 1993 shortly after independence, elected the current president, Isaias Afewerki. Politics_of_Eritrea | |
| Evangelicalism Evangelicalism is a Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s. born again"); some expression of the gospel in effort; a high regard for Biblical authority; and an emphasis on the death and resurrection of Jesus. David Bebbington has termed these four distinctive aspects conversionism, activism, biblicism, and crucicentrism, saying, "Together they form a quadrilateral of priorities that is the basis of Evangelicalism." Evangelicalism | |
| Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration.A proponent of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a dominant role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. Henry_Kissinger | |
| Human rights Human rights refer to the "basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled." Examples of rights and freedoms which have come to be commonly thought of as human rights include civil and political rights, such as the right to life and liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law; and economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to participate in culture, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education. Human_rights | |
| Islamism Islamism (Islam+ism; Arabic:al-'islāmiyya) is a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system; that modern Muslims must return to their roots of their religion, and unite politically.Islamism is a controversial term and definitions of it sometimes vary. Islamism | |
| Joseph Stalin Joseph_Stalin | |
| Lebanon Lebanon | |
| Marshall Plan Marshall Plan (from its enactment, officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Marshall_Plan | |
| Muslim Brotherhood The Muslim Brothers (Arabic:al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a transnational Sunni movement and the largest political opposition organization in many Arab states, particularly Egypt. The world's oldest and largest Islamic political group Muslim_Brotherhood | |
| Northwest Passage Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The various islands of the archipelago are separated from one another and the Canadian mainland by a series of Arctic waterways collectively known as the Northwest Passages or Northwestern Passages. Northwest_Passage | |
| Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981Governor of California (1967Tampico, Illinois, Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s. He began a career in filmmaking and later television, making 52 films and gaining enough success to make him a household name. Ronald_Reagan | |
| Foreign relations of Russia This article covers the foreign relations of Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Foreign_relations_of_Russia | |
| Richard Nixon Talk:Richard_Nixon | |
| Space colonization Space colonization (also called space settlement, space humanization, space habitation, etc.) is the concept of autonomous (self-sufficient) human habitation of locations outside Earth. theme in science fiction, as well as a long-term goal of various national space programs.While many people think of space colonies on the Moon or Mars, others argue that the first colonies will be in orbit. Space_colonization | |
| Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic:'President of Iraq from July 16, 1979 until April 9, 2003.A leading member of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup that brought the party to long-term power. Saddam_Hussein | |
| Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (, ; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia) was the second President of Russia and is the current Prime Minister of Russia as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. Vladimir_Putin | |
| World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on 1 January 1995, under the Marrakesh Agreement, succeeding the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).The World Trade Organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries; it provides a framework for negotiating and formalising trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. World_Trade_Organization | |
| United States presidential election, 1968 The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th quadrennial United States presidential election. It was a wrenching national experience, conducted against a backdrop that included the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. United_States_presidential_election,_1968 | |
| John McCain John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election.McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. John_McCain | |
| Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square massacre (referred to in China as the June Fourth Incident, ostensibly to avoid confusion with two prior Tiananmen Square protests) were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China (PRC) beginning on 14 April. Led mainly by students and intellectuals, the protests occurred in a year that saw the collapse of a number of communist governments around the world. Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989 | |
| World peace World peace is an ideal of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations and/or peoples. It is the professed ambition of many past and present world leaders. World_peace | |
| Mutual assured destruction Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender. It is based on the theory of deterrence according to which the development of strong weapons is essential to threaten the enemy in order to prevent the use of the very same weapons. Mutual_assured_destruction | |
| No first use No first use (NFU) refers to a pledge or a policy by a nuclear power to not use nuclear weapons as a mean of warfare unless first attacked by an adversary using nuclear weapons. The concept can also be applied to chemical or biological warfare.As of October 2008, only India and China have publicly declared their commitment to no first use of nuclear weapons. No_first_use | |
| Universal jurisdiction Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country. Universal_jurisdiction | |
| The Clash of Civilizations The Clash of Civilizations is a theory, proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington, that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world.The theory was originally formulated in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations?" The_Clash_of_Civilizations | |
| Hugo Chávez Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías () (born July 28, 1954) is the President of Venezuela. As the leader of the Bolivarian Revolution, Chávez promotes a political doctrine of participatory democracy, socialism and Latin American and Caribbean cooperation. He is also a critic of neoliberalism, globalization, and United States foreign policy.A career military officer, Chávez founded the left-wing Fifth Republic Movement after orchestrating a failed 1992 coup d'état against former President Carlos Andrés Pérez. Hugo_Chávez | |
| Piracy Piracy is a war-like act committed by a non-state actor, especially robbery or criminal violence committed at sea, on water, or sometimes on shore. It does not normally include crimes on board a vessel among passengers or crew. The term has been used to refer to raids across land borders by non-state actors. Piracy | |
| History of post-Soviet Russia With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the Russian Federation became an independent country. Russia was the largest of the fifteen republics that made up the Soviet Union, accounting for over 60% of the GDP and over half of the Soviet population. History_of_post-Soviet_Russia | |
| Ethnic conflict ethnic conflict or ethnic war is a war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism. They are of interest because of the apparent prevalence since the Cold War and because they frequently result in war crimes such as genocide. Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thoughtprimordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Ethnic_conflict | |
| Nuclear winter Talk:Nuclear_winter | |
| Expulsion of Germans after World War II The flight and expulsion of Germans was the forced migration of German nationals from the former eastern territories of Germany and ethnic Germans from areas across Europe to the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany towards the end and in the aftermath of World War II. With at least twelve million Expulsion_of_Germans_after_World_War_II | |
| Ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is a euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment, expulsion, or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a local majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity in majority-controlled territory. The term entered English and international media usage in the early 1990s to describe war events in the former Yugoslavia. Synonyms include ethnic purification . Ethnic_cleansing | |
| Superpower superpower is a state with a leading position in the international system and the ability to influence events and its own interests and project power on a worldwide scale to protect those interests; it is traditionally considered to be one step higher than a great power. Superpower | |
| Marshall Plan Talk:Marshall_Plan | |
| Josip Broz Tito Talk:Josip_Broz_Tito | |
| Melvin R. Laird Melvin Robert (Bom) Laird (born September 1, 1922) is an American politician and writer. Laird was a Republican congressman who also served as Richard Nixon's Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973. Laird urged Nixon to maintain a policy of withdrawing US soldiers from Vietnam. He invented the phrase "Vietnamization," referring to the process of transferring Melvin_R._Laird | |
| Universal jurisdiction Talk:Universal_jurisdiction | |
| John N. Mitchell John Newton Mitchell (September 15, 1913–November 9, 1988) was the first United States Attorney General ever to be convicted of illegal activities and was imprisoned. He also served as campaign director for the Committee to Re-elect the President, which engineered the Watergate first break-in and employed Watergate burglar James W. McCord, Jr. in a "security" capacity. John_N._Mitchell | |
| Bush Doctrine The Bush Doctrine is a phrase used to describe various related foreign policy principles of former United States president George W. Bush. The phrase initially described the policy that the United States had the right to secure itself from countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups, which was used to justify the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.Later it came to include additional elements, including the controversial policy of preventive war, which held that the United States should depose foreign regimes that represented a potential or perceived threat to the security of the United States, even if that threat was not immediate; a policy of spreading democra Bush_Doctrine | |
| Reagan Doctrine Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to oppose the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. While the doctrine lasted less than a decade, it was the centerpiece of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.Under the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. Reagan_Doctrine | |
| Powell Doctrine Powell Doctrine" is a journalist-created term, named after General Colin Powell in the run-up to the 1990-1991 Gulf War. It is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine, devised by Caspar Weinberger, former Secretary of Defense and Powell's former boss.The Powell Doctrine states that a list of questions all have to be answered affirmatively before military action is taken by the United States Powell_Doctrine | |
| Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was signed on October 21, 1994 between North Korea (DPRK) and the United States. The objective of the agreement was the freezing and replacement of North Korea's indigenous nuclear power plant program with more nuclear proliferation resistant light water reactor power plants, and the step-by-step normalization of relations between the U.S. Agreed_Framework_between_the_United_States_of_America_and_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea | |
| Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949-1959) and a member of the Philippine Senate (1959-1965). Ferdinand_Marcos |
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