| International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments. It is an organization formed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development. It also offers highly leveraged loans mainly to poorer countries. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., USA. International_Monetary_Fund
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| World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides leveraged loans to developing countries for capital programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group, in that the World Bank comprises only two institutions International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Development Association (IDA) World_Bank
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| United States Agency for International Development The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the United States federal government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. An independent federal agency, it receives overall foreign policy guidance from the United States Secretary of State and seeks to "extend a helping hand to those people overseas struggling to make a better life, recover from a disaster or striving to live in a free and democratic country..." United_States_Agency_for_International_Development
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| Bretton Woods system Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid 20th Century. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. Bretton_Woods_system
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| External debt External debt (or foreign debt) is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to creditors outside the country. The debtors can be the government, corporations or private households. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, other governments, or international financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank. External_debt
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| Developing countries' debt Developing countries is external debt incurred by the governments of Third World countries, generally in quantities beyond the governments' political ability to repay. "Unpayable debt" is a term used to describe external debt when the interest on the debt exceeds what the country's politicians think they can collect from taxpayers, based on the nation's Gross domestic product, thus preventing the debt from ever being repaid. Developing_countries'_debt
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| Capital flight Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets and/or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an economic event that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country, or otherwise to lose confidence in its economic strength. This leads to a disappearance of wealth and is usually accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country (depreciation in a variable exchange rate regime, or a forced devaluation in a fixed exchange rate regime). Capital_flight
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| Debt levels and flows Debt is used to finance and pay for undertakings and business around the world. Debt levels are worth 3 years of GDP in many countries that have an annual GDP/person above $10,000. Worldwide debt levels are perhaps worth two or three years of GDP. GDP (at currency exchange rate) was $40 trillion during 2004. Debt_levels_and_flows
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| Conditionality Conditionality is a concept in international development, political economy and international relations and describes the use of conditions attached to a loan, debt relief, bilateral aid or membership of international organizations, typically by the international financial institutions, regional organizations or donor countries. Conditionality
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| Development aid Development aid or development cooperation (also development assistance, technical assistance, international aid, overseas aid or foreign aid) is aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, social and political development of developing countries. humanitarian aid as being aimed at alleviating poverty in the long term, rather than alleviating suffering in the short term. The term development cooperation, which is used, for example, by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Development_aid
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| Aid effectiveness Aid effectiveness is the effectiveness of development aid in achieving economic or human development (or development targets). Aid agencies are always looking for new ways to improve aid effectiveness, including conditionality, capacity building and support for improved governance. . Aid_effectiveness
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| Aid Aid (from the french word aide, also known as international aid, overseas aid, or foreign aid, especially in the United States) is a voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another, given at least partly with the objective of benefiting the recipient country. Aid
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| Eurodad Eurodad (European Network on Debt and Development) is a network of 56 non-governmental organisations from 17 European countries. Eurodad and its members make up a network, this network researches and works on issues that are related to debt, development finance and poverty reduction. Eurodad
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| Monterrey Consensus Monterrey Consensus was the outcome of the 2002 Monterrey Conference, the United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development. It was adopted by Heads of State and Government on 22 March 2002. Over fifty Heads of State and two hundred Ministers of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Development and Trade participated in the event. Monterrey_Consensus
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| 2008 G-20 Washington summit The G-20 Leaders Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy took place on November 14–15, 2008, in Washington, D.C. It achieved general agreement amongst the G-20 on how to cooperate in key areas so as to strengthen economic growth, deal with the financial crisis, and lay the foundation for reform to avoid similar crises in the future. 2008_G-20_Washington_summit
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| International Monetary Systems International_Monetary_Systems
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