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English Wikipedia references for Columbia.edu 1-50 of 4530
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| Alain Connes Alain Connes (born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, currently Professor at the College de France, IHÉS and Vanderbilt University. Alain_Connes | |
| Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area (or 29.9% of its land area) and with approximately 4 billion people, it accounts for 60% of the world's current human population. It is located chiefly in the eastern and northern hemispheres.Asia is traditionally defined as part of the landmass of Eurasia—with the western portion of the latter occupied by Europe—lying east of the Suez Canal, east of the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas. Asia | |
| Arabic language Arabic ( ''Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Syriac. In terms of speakers, Arabic is the largest member of the Semitic language family. It is spoken by more than 280 million Arabic_language | |
| Atom Atom | |
| Apocrypha Apocrypha (from the Greek word , meaning "those having been hidden away") are texts of uncertain authenticity, or writings where the authorship is questioned. Judeo-Christian theology, the term apocrypha refers to any collection of scriptural texts that falls outside the canon. Apocrypha | |
| Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn ( , ) (December 11, 1918Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. Through his writings he made the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet Union's forced labor camp systemThe Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, his two best-known works. Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn | |
| Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie (properly , but commonly or ) (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919) was a Scottish-born American industrialist, businessman, and a major philanthropist. He was an immigrant as a child with his parents. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Andrew_Carnegie | |
| Ani DiFranco Ani DiFranco () (born Angela Maria DiFranco on September 23, 1970) is a Grammy Award-winning singer, guitarist, and songwriter. She is a prolific artist, having released over twenty albums and is widely celebrated as a feminist icon. Ani_DiFranco | |
| Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet (أبجدية عربية) is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa, such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. After the Latin alphabet, it is the second-most widely used alphabet around the world.The alphabet was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam. Arabic_alphabet | |
| Aurangzeb Aurangzeb ( (full titleAl-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 4, 1618 March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (), was the 6th Mughal Emperor whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707. Aurangzeb's reign as the Mughal monarch was marked by years of wars of expansion and a series of rebellions by his non-Muslim subjects. Aurangzeb | |
| Anal sex Anal sex most often refers to the sex act involving insertion of the penis into the anus. The term anal sex can also sometimes include other sexual acts involving the anus, including but not limited to anilingus and fingering.It is a form of sexual behavior considered to be comparatively high in risk, due to the vulnerability of the tissues and the concentration of infectious microorganisms not found elsewhere on the body. Anal_sex | |
| Anti-globalization movement The anti-globalization movement is critical of the globalization of capitalism. Participants base their criticisms on a number of related ideas. What is shared is that participants stand in opposition to the unregulated political power of large, multi-national corporations and to the powers exercised through trade agreements. Anti-globalization_movement | |
| Anti-globalization movement Talk:Anti-globalization_movement | |
| The Bronx The_Bronx | |
| Brain The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. Brain | |
| Barnard College Barnard_College | |
| Battle of Stalingrad Battle_of_Stalingrad | |
| BDSM BDSM is a complex acronym derived from the terms bondage and discipline (B&D, B/D, or BD), dominance and submission (D&S, D/S, or DS), sadism and masochism (S&M, S/M, or SM). BDSM includes a wide spectrum of activities, forms of interpersonal relationships, and distinct subcultures. BDSM | |
| Computer programming Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new. Computer_programming | |
| Condom A condom is a barrier device most commonly used during sexual intercourse to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted diseases (STDs—such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV). It is put on a man's erect penis and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Condom | |
| People's Republic of China People's_Republic_of_China | |
| Capitalism Capitalism is an economic and social system in which trade and industry are privately controlled for profit rather than by the state. The means of production, which is otherwise known as capital and includes land are owned, operated, and traded for the purpose of generating profits, without force or fraud, by private individuals either singly or jointly. Capitalism | |
| Conspiracy theory A conspiracy theory is a term that has come to refer to any theory which explains a historical or current event as the result of a secret plot by usually powerful conspirators, such as a "secret team" or "shadow government". Conspiracy theories are often viewed with skepticism because they contrast with institutional analysis of historical or current events, and are not supported by conclusive evidence. Conspiracy_theory | |
| Claude Shannon Claude_Shannon | |
| Counterpoint music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and rhythm and are harmonically interdependent. It has been most commonly identified in Western music, developing strongly during the Renaissance and in much of the common practice period, especially in Baroque music. The term originates from the Latin punctus contra punctum ("point against point"). Counterpoint | |
| Coal Coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Coal | |
| Columbia University Columbia_University | |
| Charles Alston Charles_Alston | |
| Colonialism See colony and colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism. Also see Colonization (disambiguation) Colonialism | |
| Foreign policy of the United States The foreign policy of the United States is the policy by which the United States interacts with foreign nations. United States foreign policy is highly influential on the world stage, as it is the only remaining superpower. The global reach of the United States is backed by a 13 trillion dollar economy, the largest in the world of all countries formally recognized by the United States for which data is available is here; the military expenditures for said countries is available here; and the political details are available on the main United States page here here. Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States | |
| Charles F. Hockett Charles Francis Hockett (January 17, 1916 - November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralism. He represents the post-Bloomfieldian phase of structuralism often referred to as distributionalism or taxonomic structuralism. Charles_F._Hockett | |
| Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a malformed collection of blood vessels within the brain, characterized by tangle(s) of veins and arteries. While an arteriovenous malformation can occur elsewhere in the body, this article discusses malformations found in the brain. Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation | |
| Deforestation Deforestation is the logging and/or burning of trees in the forested area. There are several reasons for doing socharcoal can be sold as a commodity and used by humans, while cleared land is used as pasture, plantations of commodities and human settlement. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. Deforested regions often degrade into wasteland. Deforestation | |
| Dante Alighieri Durante degli Alighieri (May/June c.1265 – September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. His central work, the Divina Commedia (originally called Commedia and later called Divina ("divine") by Boccaccio), is often considered one of the greatest literary works composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature.In Italy he is known as "the Supreme Poet" (il Sommo Poeta) or just il Poeta. Dante_Alighieri | |
| Data set A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data, usually presented in tabular form. Each column represents a particular variable. Each row corresponds to a given member of the data set in question. It lists values for each of the variables, such as height and weight of an object or values of random numbers. Each value is known as a datum. The data set may comprise data for one or more members, corresponding to the number of rows. Data_set | |
| Stephen Donaldson (activist) Stephen Donaldson (July 27, 1946 – July 18, 1996), born Robert Anthony Martin, Jr and also known by the pseudonym Donny the Punk, was an American bisexual political activist. He is best known for his pioneering activism in gay liberation and prison reform, but also for his writing about punk rock and subculture. Stephen_Donaldson_(activist) | |
| Existentialism Circumspectly, Existentialism is a term that has been applied to the work of a number of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, took the human subject — not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual and his or her conditions of existence Existentialism | |
| Edinburgh Edinburgh | |
| Edwin Austin Abbey Edwin_Austin_Abbey | |
| Ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs. Ethanol | |
| Egalitarianism Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) or Equalism is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights. Generally it applies to being held equal under the law and society at large. In actual practice, one may be considered an egalitarian in most areas listed below, even if not subscribing to equality in every possible area of individual difference. Egalitarianism | |
| Edwin Howard Armstrong Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890American electrical engineer and inventor. Armstrong was the inventor of frequency modulation (FM) radio. Edwin Howard Armstrong was born in New York City, New York, in 1890. He studied at Columbia University and later became a professor there. He invented the regenerative circuit while he was an undergraduate and patented it in 1914, the super-regenerative circuit (patented 1922), and the superheterodyne receiver (patented 1918). Edwin_Howard_Armstrong | |
| El Niño-Southern Oscillation El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; commonly referred to as simply El Niño) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon. The Pacific ocean signatures, El Niño and La Niña are important temperature fluctuations in surface waters of the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. El_Niño-Southern_Oscillation | |
| History of the Falkland Islands The history of the Falkland Islands goes back at least five hundred years, with active exploration and colonisation only taking place in the 18th century. Nonetheless, the islands have been a matter of controversy, as they have been claimed by the French, Spaniards, British and Argentines at various points. History_of_the_Falkland_Islands | |
| Francesco Borromini Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli (25 September 1599 - 3 August 1667) was an Italian architect who, with his contemporaries, Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro da Cortona, was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. A keen student of the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity, Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idoiosyncratic, architecture employing manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings. Francesco_Borromini | |
| Fourth-generation programming language fourth-generation programming language (1970s-1990) (abbreviated 4GL) is a programming language or programming environment designed with a specific purpose in mind, such as the development of commercial business software. In the evolution of computing, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend toward higher abstraction and statement power. The 4GL was followed by efforts to define and use a 5GL. Fourth-generation_programming_language | |
| Female genital cutting Female genital cutting (FGC), also known as female genital mutilation (FGM), female circumcision or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), is defined by the WHO as "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons." Female_genital_cutting | |
| Geology Geology (from Greekgê, "earth"; and λόγος, logos, "speech" lit. to talk about the earth) is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth. The field of geology encompasses the study of the composition, structure, physical properties, dynamics, and history of Earth materials, and the processes by which they are formed, moved, and changed. Geology | |
| Greenhouse effect greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface of a planet or moon due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases, which include water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, are almost transparent to solar radiation but strongly absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse_effect | |
| Greenhouse effect Talk:Greenhouse_effect |
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