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English Wikipedia references for Bnf.fr 1-50 of 1116
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| Algeria Talk:Algeria | |
| Algeria Algeria | |
| Actinium Actinium () is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Ac and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated, although polonium, radium and radon were observed before, but not isolated until 1902. It gave the name to the actinoid series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table. Actinium | |
| Aluminium Aluminium () or aluminum (, see spelling below) is a silvery white and ductile member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al; its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances. most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant element therein, after oxygen and silicon. Aluminium | |
| Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy (21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857; pronounced ) was a French mathematician, who was one of the most prominent mathematicians of the first half of the nineteenth century. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of infinitesimal calculus in a rigorous manner and was thus an early pioneer of analysis. Augustin_Louis_Cauchy | |
| Adam Weishaupt Johann Adam Weishaupt (February 6, 1748 in Ingolstadt November 18, 1830 in Gotha) was a German philosopher and founder of the Order of Illuminati, a secret society with origins in Bavaria. Adam_Weishaupt | |
| Baruch Spinoza Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (, , ) (November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Jewish origin. Revealing considerable scientific aptitude, the breadth and importance of Spinoza's work was not fully realized until years after his death. Baruch_Spinoza | |
| Basque language Basque (native name:Euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Basque Country, a region spanning an area in north-eastern Spain and south-western France.It is spoken by approximately a third of the Basques, with its stronghold in the contiguous area from central Biscay through Gipuzkoa, northern Navarre and parts of Labourd to sparsely populated Lower Navarre and Soule. Basque_language | |
| Boron Boron () is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Boron is a trivalent metalloid element which occurs abundantly in the evaporite ores borax and ulexite. Several allotropes of boron exist; amorphous boron is a brown powder, though crystalline boron is black, extremely hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale), and a poor conductor at room temperature. Boron | |
| Bromine Bromine ( or Bromine | |
| Brownian motion This article is about the physical phenomenon; for the stochastic process, see Wiener process. For the sports team, see Brownian Motion (Ultimate). For the mobility model, see Random walk.Brownian motion (named after the Scottish botanist Robert Brown) is the seemingly random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (i.e. a liquid or gas) or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements, often called a particle theory. Brownian_motion | |
| Bestiary bestiary, or Bestiarum vocabulum is a compendium of beasts. Bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals, birds and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast was usually accompanied by a moral lesson. Bestiary | |
| Cladistics Cladistics, from the ancient Greek 'klados, "branch", is the hierarchical classification of species based on phylogeny or evolutionary ancestry. The term phylogenetics is often used synonymously with cladistics. Cladistics is distinguished from other taxonomic systems because it focuses on the evolutionary relationships of species rather than on morphological similarities, which may be convergent, and because it places heavy emphasis on objective, quantitative analysis. Cladistics | |
| Cat Cat | |
| Charles Martel Talk:Charles_Martel | |
| Cogito ergo sum Talk:Cogito_ergo_sum | |
| Cauchy–Riemann equations mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann differential equations in complex analysis, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations that provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a differentiable function to be holomorphic in an open set. Cauchy–Riemann_equations | |
| Cartesian coordinate system In mathematics, a Cartesian coordinate system (also called rectangular coordinate system) specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.Each reference line is called a coordinate axis or just axis of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin. Cartesian_coordinate_system | |
| Dysprosium Dysprosium () is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Like most other lanthanoids, dysprosium forms compounds in a single oxidation state, +3, and most of its compounds are soluble in water. Dysprosium | |
| Denis Diderot Denis Diderot (October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French philosopher and writer. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment and is best known for serving as chief editor of and contributor to the Encyclopédie.Diderot also contributed to literature, notably with Jacques le fataliste et son maître (Jacques the Fatalist and His Master), which emulated Laurence Sterne in challenging conventions regarding novels, their structure and content, while also examining philosophical ideas about free will. Denis_Diderot | |
| Timeline of chemical elements discoveries Given is each element's name, atomic number, year of first report, name of the discoverer, and some notes related to the discovery. Timeline_of_chemical_elements_discoveries | |
| Down syndrome Down syndrome, Down's syndrome, or trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British doctor who described the syndrome in 1866. The disorder was identified as a chromosome 21 trisomy by Jérôme Lejeune in 1959. Down_syndrome | |
| Domitian Domitian | |
| Enzyme Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions. Nearly all known enzymes are proteins. However, certain RNA molecules can be effective biocatalysts too. These RNA molecules have come to be known as ribozymes. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, called the products. Enzyme | |
| Évariste Galois Évariste Galois (; October 25, 1811 May 31, 1832) was a French mathematician born in Bourg-la-Reine. While still in his teens, he was able to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be solvable by radicals, thereby solving a long-standing problem. Évariste_Galois | |
| Friedrich Wöhler Friedrich Wöhler (31 July 1800 - 23 September 1882) was a German chemist, best-known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements. Friedrich_Wöhler | |
| Ferdinand de Saussure Ferdinand de Saussure () (26 November 1857 Swiss linguist whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century. Saussure is widely considered to be one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics, and his ideas have had a monumental impact on literary and cultural theory and interpretation. Ferdinand_de_Saussure | |
| Fourth Council of the Lateran The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull of April 19, 1213, and the Council gathered in November of 1215. Due to the great length of time between the Council's convocation and meeting, a great many bishops had the opportunity to attend. Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran | |
| Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 German organic chemist. One of the most prominent chemists in Europe from the 1850s until his death, especially in the theoretical realm, he was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure. Friedrich_August_Kekulé_von_Stradonitz | |
| Finite field Talk:Finite_field | |
| Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (December 22, 1876 – December 2, 1944) was an Italian ideologue, poet, editor, and founder of the Futurist movement. Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti | |
| Johann Gottlieb Fichte Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814) was a German philosopher. He was one of the founding figures of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, a movement that developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant. Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte | |
| Gallium Gallium () is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the Ga (III) salt, in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures. Gallium | |
| Germanium Germanium () is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Germanium has five naturally occurring isotopes ranging in atomic mass number from 70 to 76. It forms a large number of organometallic compounds, including tetraethylgermane and isobutylgermane. Germanium | |
| Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 by the papal bull Inter gravissimas.It is a reform of the Julian calendar. Gregorian_calendar | |
| Gilles Deleuze Gilles Deleuze (), (18 January 1925French philosopher of the late 20th century. From the early 1960s until his death, Deleuze wrote many influential works on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular books were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia:Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with Félix Guattari. Gilles_Deleuze | |
| Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno, born Filippo Bruno (1548 – February 17, 1600), was an Italian philosopher best-known as a proponent of heliocentrism and the infinity of the universe. In addition to his cosmological writings, he also wrote extensive works on the art of memory, a loosely-organized group of mnemonic techniques and principles. Giordano_Bruno | |
| Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis or Gustave Coriolis (21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the Coriolis Effect. Coriolis was the first to coin the term "work" for the transfer of energy by a force acting through a distance. Gaspard-Gustave_Coriolis | |
| Holmium Holmium () is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metallic element, which is stable in dry air at room temperature. A rare earth metal, it is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite. Holmium | |
| Hafnium Hafnium () is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent, transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Hafnium was the second-to-last element of those with stable isotopes to be discovered. It was found by Dirk Coster and Georg von Hevesy in 1923 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and named it Hafnia after the Latin name for "Copenhagen". Hafnium | |
| History of computing hardware The history of computing hardware encompasses the hardware, its architecture, and its impact on software. The von Neumann architecture unifies our current computing hardware implementations. History_of_computing_hardware | |
| Hartmann Schedel Hartmann Schedel (13 February 1440 28 November 1514), was a German physician, humanist and historian, one of the first cartographers to make use of the printing press. He was born in Nuremberg. Matheolus Perusinus served as his tutor. Schedel is best known for his writing the text for the Nuremberg Chronicle, known as Schedelsche Weltchronik (English translationincunabulum. Hartmann_Schedel | |
| Holy Grail Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. The connection of Joseph of Arimathea with the Grail legend dates from Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie (late 12th century) in which Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus and sends it with his followers to Great Britain; building upon this theme, later writers recounted how Joseph used the Grail to catch Christ's blood while interring him and that in Britain he founded a line of guardians to keep it safe. Holy_Grail | |
| Islamic calendar The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar or Hijri calendar (; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian:taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari; ) is a lunar calendar having 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days, used to date events in many Muslim countries (concurrently with the Gregorian calendar), and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days and festivals. Islamic_calendar | |
| Knights Templar The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (), commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple (), were among the most famous of the Western Christian military orders. The organization existed for approximately two centuries in the Middle Ages.Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church around 1129, the Order became a favoured charity throughout Christendom, and grew rapidly in membership and power. Knights_Templar | |
| Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of disease. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies. Louis_Pasteur | |
| Lutetium Lutetium () is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. A silvery-white rare metal, lutetium is the heaviest member of the rare-earth group. One of its radioactive isotopes is used in nuclear technology to determine the age of meteorites. Lutetium | |
| Lagrangian point The Lagrangian points (; also Lagrange point, L-point, or libration point), are the five positions in an orbital configuration where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to two larger objects (such as a Lagrangian_point | |
| John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh OM (12 November 1842 English physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered the element argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, explaining why the sky is blue, and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves. John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh | |
| Lorentz transformation In physics, the Lorentz transformation converts between two different observers' measurements of space and time, where one observer is in uniform (non-accelerating) motion with respect to the other. In classical physics (Galilean relativity), the only conversion believed necessary was , describing how the origin of one observer's coordinate system slides through space with respect to the other's, at speed v and along the x-axis of each frame. Lorentz_transformation |
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