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English Wikipedia references for Nobelprize.org 401-450 of 2142
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| Martti Ahtisaari Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (pronounced ) (born 23 June 1937) is a former President of Finland (1994–2000), 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work.Ahtisaari was a UN Special Envoy at the Kosovo status process negotiations, aimed at resolving a long-running dispute in Kosovo, which declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. Martti_Ahtisaari | |
| Hannes Alfvén Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (30 May 1908; Norrköping, Djursholm, Sweden) was a Swedish plasma physicist and Nobel laureate for his work on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics. He was originally trained as an electrical power engineer and later moved to research and teaching in the fields of plasma physics. Hannes_Alfvén | |
| Daniel Kahneman Daniel Kahneman () (born 5 March 1934) is an Israeli psychologist and Nobel laureate, notable for his work on behavioral finance and hedonic psychology.With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors using heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973, Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982), and developed Prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Daniel_Kahneman | |
| Amos Tversky Amos Nathan Tversky, (; March 16, 1937 - June 2, 1996) was a cognitive and mathematical psychologist, and a pioneer of cognitive science, a longtime collaborator of Daniel Kahneman, and a key figure in the discovery of systematic human cognitive bias and handling of risk. Amos_Tversky | |
| Pearl S. Buck Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 — March 6, 1973) also known as Sai Zhen Zhu (Simplified Chinese:Pinyin:Traditional Chinese:Pulitzer Prize-winning American writer who spent the majority of her life in China. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces." With no irony, she has been described in China as a Chinese writer. Pearl_S._Buck | |
| List of philanthropists A philanthropist is someone who engages in philanthropy; that is, someone who donates his or her time, money, and/or reputation to charitable causes. The term may apply to any volunteer or to anyone who makes a donation, but the label is most often applied to those who donate large sums of money or who make a major impact through their volunteering, such as a trustee who manages a philanthropic organization. List_of_philanthropists | |
| Transcription (genetics) Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. RNA synthesis, or transcription, is the process of transcribing DNA nucleotide sequence information into RNA sequence information. Both nucleic acid sequences use complementary language, and the information is simply transcribed, or copied, from one molecule to the other. Transcription_(genetics) | |
| Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (pronounced ) (January 15, 1895 November 11, 1973) was a Finnish chemist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen | |
| Vitalism Vitalism, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from biochemical reactions a doctrine that the processes of life are not explicable by the laws of physics and chemistry alone and that life is in some part self-determining Vitalism | |
| Ludwig Quidde Ludwig Quidde (March 23, 1858 March 4, 1941) was a German pacifist who is mainly remembered today for his acerbic criticism of German Emperor Wilhelm II. Quidde's long career spanned four different eras of German historyBismarck (up to 1890); the Hohenzollern Empire under Wilhelm II (1888 - 1918); the Weimar Republic (1918Nazi Germany. Ludwig_Quidde | |
| Hans Adolf Krebs Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German born British physician and biochemist. Krebs is best known for his identification of two important metabolic cyclesurea cycle and the citric acid cycle. The latter, the key sequence of metabolic chemical reactions that produces energy in cells, is also known as the Krebs cycle and earned him a Nobel Prize in 1953. Hans_Adolf_Krebs | |
| Max Delbrück Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (September 4, 1906 March 9, 1981) was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate. Max_Delbrück | |
| Jules Bordet Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (Soignies (Belgium) 13 June, 1870 6 April, 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named for him. Jules_Bordet | |
| Raoul Wallenberg Raoul Wallenberg (August 4, 1912 Raoul_Wallenberg | |
| Mohamed ElBaradei Dr. Mohamed Mostafa El-Baradei (, transliteration'Cairo, Egypt) is the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an inter-governmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations. ElBaradei, who prefers the Latin writing of his name to be spelled ElBaradei rather than hyphenated, and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. Mohamed_ElBaradei | |
| Gabriela Mistral Gabriela Mistral (April 7, 1889 — January 10, 1957) was the pseudonym of Lucila de María del Perpetuo Socorro Godoy Alcayaga, a Chilean poet, educator, diplomat, and feminist who was the first Latin American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1945. Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Gabriela_Mistral | |
| Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar OM CBE FRS (28 February 1915 zoologist. Medawar's work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. Until partially disabled by a cerebral infarction, he was Director of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill. Peter_Medawar | |
| Laser cooling Laser cooling is a technique that uses light to cool atoms to a very low temperature. It was simultaneously proposed by Wineland and Dehmelt and by Theodor W. Hänsch and Arthur Leonard Schawlow in 1975, and first demonstrated by Wineland, Drullinger, and Walls in 1978 and shortly afterwards by Neuhauser, Hohenstatt, Toschek and Dehmelt. Laser_cooling | |
| Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a large, public American research university with two main campuses located in downtown Richmond, Virginia. VCU is the largest university in Virginia with over 32,000 students enrolled. VCU was founded through a merger between the Richmond Professional Institute and the Medical College of Virginia in 1968. Virginia_Commonwealth_University | |
| Elias James Corey Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990 he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies, and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably. Elias_James_Corey | |
| Dennis Gabor Dennis Gabor (original Hungarian nameGábor Dénes), FRS, (5 June 1900, Budapest 9 February 1979, London) was a Hungarian electrical engineer and inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the Nobel Prize in Physics. Dennis_Gabor | |
| Public good In economics, a public good is a good that is non-rivaled and non-excludable. This means, respectively, that consumption of the good by one individual does not reduce availability of the good for consumption by others; and that no one can be effectively excluded from using the good. In the real world, there may be no such thing as an absolutely non-rivaled and non-excludable good; but economists think that some goods approximate the concept closely enough for the analysis to be economically useful. Public_good | |
| David Baltimore David L. Baltimore (born 7 March 1938) is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the Robert A. David_Baltimore | |
| Eisaku Satō was a Japanese politician and the 61st, 62nd and 63rd Prime Minister of Japan, elected on November 9, 1964, and re-elected on February 17, 1967, and January 14, 1970, serving until July 7, 1972. He is the longest-serving prime minister in the history of Japan. Eisaku_Satō | |
| James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick, CH, FRS (20 October 1891 24 July 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics awarded for his discovery of the neutron. James_Chadwick | |
| Fritz Haber Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. He has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. Fritz_Haber | |
| Carl Bosch Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company. Carl_Bosch | |
| Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932) is an American chemist at Harvard University. He won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes." Herschbach and Lee specifically worked with molecular beams, performing so-called "crossed molecular beam" experiments that enabled a detailed molecular-level understanding of many elementary reaction processes. Dudley_R._Herschbach | |
| Vernon L. Smith Vernon Lomax Smith (born January 1, 1927) is professor of economics at Chapman University School of Law and School of Business in Orange, California, a research scholar at George Mason University Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, and a Fellow of the Mercatus Center, all in Arlington, Virginia. Vernon_L._Smith | |
| Metathesis (linguistics) Metathesis () (from Greek μετάθεσις) is a sound change that alters the order of phonemes in a word. The most common instance of metathesis is the reversal of the order of two adjacent phonemes, such as "foilage" for foliage. Many languages have words that show this phenomenon, and some use it as a regular part of their grammar (e.g. Metathesis_(linguistics) | |
| Dario Fo Dario Fo (born March 24, 1926) is an Italian satirist, playwright, theater director, actor, and composer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997 and in 2007 he was ranked Joint Seventh with Stephen Hawking in The Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses. Dario_Fo | |
| Behavioral economics Behavioral economics and behavioral finance are closely related fields that have evolved to be a separate branch of economic and financial analysis which applies scientific research on human and social, cognitive and emotional factors to better understand economic decisions by consumers, borrowers, investors, and how they affect market prices, returns and the allocation of resources. Behavioral_economics | |
| ATP synthase ATP synthase () is a general term for an enzyme that can synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate by using some form of energy. This energy is often in the form of protons moving down an electrochemical gradient, such as from the lumen into the stroma of chloroplasts or from the inter-membrane space into the matrix in mitochondria. The overall reaction sequence is ATP_synthase | |
| Nadine Gordimer Nadine Gordimer (born 20 November 1923) is a South African writer, political activist and Nobel laureate.Her writing has long dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. She was active in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress during the days when the organization was banned. She has recently been active in HIV/AIDS causes. Nadine_Gordimer | |
| Rugby, Warwickshire Rugby is a market town in Warwickshire, in the West Midlands of England, on the River Avon. The town has a population of 61,988 second largest town in the county. The larger Borough of Rugby has a population of 91,600 (2005 estimate).Rugby is 13Coventry, on the eastern edge of Warwickshire, near the borders with Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. Rugby,_Warwickshire | |
| Rosa Parks Talk:Rosa_Parks | |
| Otto Wallach Otto Wallach (27 March, 1847 - 26 February, 1931) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate for work on alicyclic compounds. Otto_Wallach | |
| Na+/K+-ATPase Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as the Na+/K+ pump, sodium-potassium pump, or simply NAKA, for short) is an enzyme () located in the plasma membrane (specifically an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase). It is found in the human cell and is found in all metazoa (animals). Na+/K+-ATPase | |
| Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (8 December 1832 – 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. Bjørnson is considered as one of "The Great Four" Norwegian writers; the others being Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland. Bjørnson is celebrated for his lyrics to the Norwegian National Anthem, "Ja, vi elsker dette landet". Bjørnstjerne_Bjørnson | |
| Unsolved problems in physics This is a list of some of the major unsolved problems in physics. Some of these problems are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result. The others are experimental, meaning that there is a difficulty in creating an experiment to test a proposed theory or investigate a phenomenon in greater detail. Unsolved_problems_in_physics | |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tropic tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary. Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone | |
| Niels Bohr Talk:Niels_Bohr | |
| Metalloprotein Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. Metalloproteins have many different functions in cells, such as enzymes, transport and storage proteins, and signal transduction proteins. Indeed, about one quarter to one third of all proteins require metals to carry out their functions. Metalloprotein | |
| Cosmic Background Explorer The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was a satellite dedicated to cosmology. Its goals were to investigate the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) of the universe and provide measurements that would help shape our understanding of the cosmos. Cosmic_Background_Explorer | |
| Oil-drop experiment In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher performed the oil-drop experiment to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron). The experiment entailed balancing the downward gravitational force with the upward buoyant and electric forces on tiny charged droplets of oil suspended between two metal electrodes. Oil-drop_experiment | |
| Nikolaas Tinbergen Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 21 December 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.In the 1960s he collaborated with filmmaker Hugh Falkus on a series of wildlife films, including The Riddle of the Rook (1972) and Signals for Survival (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971. Nikolaas_Tinbergen | |
| Karl von Frisch Karl Ritter von Frisch (November 20 1886 June 12 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. He studied zoology with Richard von Hertwig whom he later succeeded as a professor of zoology at Munich, Germany. Karl_von_Frisch | |
| Marie Curie Talk:Marie_Curie | |
| Human papillomavirus A human papillomavirus (HPV) is a papillomavirus that infects the epidermis and mucous membranes of humans. HPV can lead to cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, and anus in women. In men, it can lead to cancers of the anus and penis. Approximately 130 HPV types have been identified. Some HPV types can cause warts (verrucae) or some types of cancer, while others have no symptoms. Most people who become infected with HPV do not know they have it. Human_papillomavirus | |
| Dresden Frauenkirche The Dresdner Frauenkirche ("Church of Our Lady") is a Lutheran church in Dresden, Germany.The Dresden Frauenkirche survived the firebombing of Dresden during World War II 30 October 2005 with festive services lasting through the Protestant observance of Reformation Day on 31 October. Dresden_Frauenkirche |
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