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English Wikipedia references for Doi.org 351-400 of 78187
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| Compact space In mathematics, a topological space is called compact if each of its open covers has a finite subcover. Otherwise it is called non-compact.NoteBourbaki use the term "quasi-compact" for this instead, and reserve the term "compact" for topological spaces that are both Hausdorff and "quasi-compact". Compact_space | |
| Continental drift Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. The hypothesis that continents 'drift' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. However, it was not until the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s, that a sufficient geological explanation of that movement was found. Continental_drift | |
| Collagen Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. It is naturally found exclusively in metazoa, including sponges. In muscle tissue it serves as a major component of endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue, and accounts for 6% of the weight of strong, tendinous muscles. The gelatin used in food and industry is derived from the partial hydrolysis of collagen. Collagen | |
| P = NP problem The relationship between the complexity classes P and NP is an unsolved question in theoretical computer science. It is considered to be the most important problem in the field – the Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a $1 million US prize for the first correct proof.In essence, the question P = NP? asks'yes'-or-'no'-question can be verified "quickly" (in polynomial time), can the answers themselves also be computed quickly? P_=_NP_problem | |
| Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless and tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a covalent double bond and a dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon, and can be viewed as the anhydride of formic acid (CH2O2).Carbon monoxide is produced from the partial oxidation of carbon-containing compounds; it forms in preference to the more usual carbon dioxide (CO2) when there is a reduced availability of oxygen, such as when operating a stove or an internal combustion engine in an enclosed space. Carbon_monoxide | |
| Computable number mathematics, particularly theoretical computer science and mathematical logic, the computable numbers, also known as the recursive numbers or the computable reals, are the real numbers that can be computed to within any desired precision by a finite, terminating algorithm. Computable_number | |
| Context-sensitive language In theoretical computer science, a context-sensitive language is a formal language that can be defined by a context-sensitive grammar. That is one of the four types of grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy. Of the four, this is the least often used, in both theory and practice. Context-sensitive_language | |
| Chinese room Chinese Room argument comprises a thought experiment and associated arguments by John Searle (1980), which attempts to show that a symbol-processing machine like a computer can never be properly described as having a "mind" or "understanding", regardless of how intelligently it may behave. Chinese_room | |
| Cell nucleus Cell_nucleus | |
| Cosmic ray Talk:Cosmic_ray | |
| Cairo Cairo ( ), is the capital city of Egypt, and is the largest city in Africa, and the Arab World. It is the largest metropolitan area in Egypt, and is one of the most populous in the world. Cairo has long been the center of the region's cultural and artistic life, and has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, earning it the name of the "Hollywood of the East". Cairo | |
| Cell wall cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell. They are found in plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, and some archaea. Animals and protozoa do not have cell walls. Cell_wall | |
| Carolina Parakeet The Carolina Parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) parrot species native to the eastern United States. It was found from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf of Mexico, and lived in old forests along rivers. It was the only species at the time classified in the genus Conuropsis. It was called puzzi la née ("head of yellow") or pot pot chee by the Seminole and kelinky in Chikasha (Snyder & Russell, 2002). Carolina_Parakeet | |
| Chromatography Chromatography (from Greek χρώμαchroma, color and γραφεινgraphein to write) is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Chromatography | |
| Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known as melons, gourds or cucurbits and includes crops like cucumbers, squashes (including pumpkins), luffas, melons and watermelons. The family is predominantly distributed around the tropics, where those with edible fruits were amongst the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds.Most of the plants in this family are annual vines but there are also woody lianas, thorny shrubs, and trees (Dendrosicyos). Cucurbitaceae | |
| Capsid For the leaf bug, see Miridae. A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The 3-dimensional morphological subunits that can be observed, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. Capsid | |
| Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, isolated by David Gottlieb, and introduced into clinical practice in 1949.It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale. Chloramphenicol | |
| Cretinism This article is about the medical term. For the Marxist political concept, see Parliamentary cretinism.Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) or from prolonged nutritional deficiency of iodine. Cretinism | |
| Chloroplast Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis. Chloroplast | |
| Crux Crux (, genitive Crucis ) is the smallest of the 88 modern constellations, but is one of the most distinctive. Its name is Latin for cross, and it is dominated by a cross-shaped asterism that is commonly known as the Southern Cross because throughout this Common Era it has been easily visible from the southern hemisphere, at practically any time of year, although it is also visible near the horizon from tropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere, for a few hours every night, during the spring months; for instance, from Cancun -- or any other place al latitude 25º N or less, with unobstructed view to the South—at around 10 pm, at the end of April. Crux | |
| Clarinet The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word clarino meaning a particular type of trumpet, as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. Clarinet | |
| Cholesterol Cholesterol | |
| Chromosome chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. The word chromosome comes from the Greek (chroma, color) and (soma, body) due to their property of being very strongly stained by particular dyes. organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and ca Chromosome | |
| Ciliate The ciliates are a group of protists characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to flagella but typically shorter and present in much larger numbers with a different undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar suctoria only have them for part of the life-cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliate | |
| Carcinogen carcinogen refers to any substance, radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of cancer or in the increase of its propagation. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Carcinogen | |
| Celts Celts ( or , see names of the Celts; the most common academic usage is with a velar "c", pronounced as "k"), is a modern term used to describe any of the European peoples who spoke, or speak, a Celtic language. The term is also used in a wider sense to describe the modern descendants of those peoples, notably those who participate in a Celtic culture. Celts | |
| Cello The cello (plural cellos or celli — the c is , as in the ch in "check", thus "chel-lo") is a bowed string instrument. The word derives from the Italian violoncello. A person who plays a cello is called a cellist. The cello is used as a solo instrument, in chamber music, and as a member of the string section of an orchestra. It is the second physically largest member of the violin family of musical instruments, next to the double bass. Cello | |
| Control store A control store is the part of a CPUs control unit that stores the CPU's microprogram. It is usually accessed by a microsequencer.A control store is usually implemented as a diode-array of read-only memory. This tradition dates back to the program timing matrix on the MIT Whirlwind, first described in 1947. Control_store | |
| Constantin Brâncuşi Constantin Brâncuşi (; February 19, 1876 March 16, 1957) was an internationally renowned Romanian sculptor whose sculptures, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for modernist sculptors. Constantin_Brâncuşi | |
| Camel Camels are even-toed ungulates within the genus Camelus. The dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and is well known for its healthy low fat milk, and the Bactrian camel has two humps. They are native to the dry desert areas of western Asia, and central and east Asia, respectively. Camel | |
| Ciconiiformes order Ciconiiformes has included a variety of large, long-legged wading birds with large billsherons, egrets, ibises, spoonbills, and several others. However recent DNA evidence might suggest that every member, except storks, are more related the Pelecaniformes, and thus belong to that group. Ciconiiformes | |
| Cnidaria Cnidaria | |
| Candide Candide | |
| Cane toad The cane toad (Bufo marinus), also known as the Giant Neotropical Toad or Marine Toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to Central and South America. It is a member of the subgenus Chaunus of the genus Bufo, which includes many different true toad species throughout Central and South America. Cane_toad | |
| Cement cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term "opus caementicium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. Cement | |
| Classical liberalism Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism, laissez-faire liberalism, and market liberalism or, outside Canada and the United States, sometimes simply liberalism) is a form of liberalism stressing individual freedom, free markets, and limited government. Classical_liberalism | |
| Cat Cat | |
| Classical liberalism Talk:Classical_liberalism | |
| Clade For the novel, see Clade (novel) Clade | |
| Coca-Cola Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines worldwide. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke or (in European and American countries) as cola, pop, or in some parts of the U.S., Coca-Cola | |
| Canidae Canidae ( or Canidae | |
| Clitic linguistics, a clitic is a grammatically independent and phonologically dependent morpheme. It is pronounced like an affix, but works at the phrase level. For example, the English possessive -'s is a clitic; in the phrase the girl next door’s cat, -’s is phonologically attached to the preceding word door while grammatically combined with the phrase the girl next door, the possessor. Clitic | |
| Context-free grammar formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a grammar in which every production rule is of the form V w where V is a single nonterminal symbol, and w is a string of terminals and/or nonterminals (possibly empty).Thus, the difference with arbitrary grammars is that the left hand side of a production rule is always a single nonterminal symbol rather than a string of terminal and/or nonterminal symbols. Context-free_grammar | |
| Cryonics Cryonics is the low-temperature preservation of humans and animals that can no longer be sustained by contemporary medicine until resuscitation may be possible in the future. Currently, human cryopreservation is not reversible, which means that it is not currently possible to bring people out of cryopreservation. Cryonics | |
| Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin (INN) is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent used to treat severe and life threatening bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin is commonly referred to as a fluoroquinolone (or quinolone) drug and is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials. Ciprofloxacin | |
| Chlorophyta Chlorophyta, a division of green algae, Chlorophyta | |
| Cytosol cytosol or intracellular fluid (or cytoplasmic matrix) is the liquid found inside cells. In eukaryotes this liquid is separated by cell membranes from the contents of the organelles suspended in the cytosol, such as the mitochondrial matrix inside the mitochondrion. Cytosol | |
| Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Shoemaker-Levy redirects here. For other Shoemaker-Levy comets see List of periodic comets.Comet Shoemaker-Levy (SL9, formally designated D/1993) was a comet that collided with Jupiter in 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of solar system objects. Comet_Shoemaker-Levy_9 | |
| Chandrasekhar limit Chandrasekhar limit limits the mass of bodies made from electron-degenerate matter, a dense form of matter which consists of nuclei immersed in a gas of electrons. The limit is the maximum nonrotating mass which can be supported against gravitational collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. Chandrasekhar_limit | |
| Citric acid cycle citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), the Krebs cycle, or more rarely, the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle — is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. The components and reactions of the citric acid cycle were established by seminal work from Albert Szent-Györgyi and Hans Krebs. Citric_acid_cycle |
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