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English Wikipedia references for Columbia.edu 351-400 of 4530
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| Civil service The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis of merit which is proven by the use of competitive examinations. Body of employees in any government agency, except the military. A civil servant or public servant is a civilian public sector employee working for a government department or agency. Civil_service | |
| Queensboro Bridge The Queensboro Bridge, also known as the 59th Street Bridge, is a cantilever bridge over the East River in New York City that was completed in 1909. It connects the neighborhood of Long Island City in the borough of Queens with Manhattan, passing over Roosevelt Island. It carries New York State Route 25 and once carried NY 24 and NY 25A as well. The Queensboro Bridge is the westernmost of the four East River spans that carry a route number59th Street and 60th Streets. Queensboro_Bridge | |
| Evolutionary economics Evolutionary economics is a heterodox school of economic thought that is inspired by evolutionary biology. Much like mainstream economics, it stresses complex interdependencies, competition, growth, structural change, and resource constraints but differs in the approaches which are used to analyze these phenomena.Mainstream economic reasoning begins with the postulates of scarcity and rational agents (that is, agents modeled as maximizing their individually-given welfares). Evolutionary_economics | |
| Semaphore line A semaphore telegraph, optical telegraph, shutter telegraph chain, Chappe telegraph, or Napoleonic semaphore is a system of conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting shutters, also known as blades or paddles. Information is encoded by the position of the mechanical elements; it is read when the shutter is in a fixed position. Semaphore_line | |
| TakuyaMurata User:TakuyaMurata | |
| Netizen Netizen (a portmanteau of Internet and citizen) or cybercitizen is a person actively involved in online communities. Netizen | |
| Sudden stratospheric warming sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an event where the polar vortex of westerly (eastwards) winds in the Northern winter hemisphere abruptly (i.e. over the course of a few days) slows down or even reverses direction, accompanied by a rise of stratospheric temperature by several tens of kelvins. This is considered to be the most dramatic meteorological event in the stratosphere. Sudden_stratospheric_warming | |
| Japanese literature Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia. Early works were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese literature, often written in Classical Chinese. But Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own right as Japanese writers began writing their own works about Japan, although the influence of Chinese literature and Classical Chinese remained until the end of the Edo period. Japanese_literature | |
| Neocolonialism UN Human Development Index (HDI) for 2004, derived from 2006 UN HDI report. An HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent low development and an HDI 0.8 or more is considered to represent high development.Figures for Taiwan and Macau (marked with asterisks) were not calculated by the UN. The categories that they are depicted as belonging to in this map are based on figures calculated by their own respective statistical agencies. Neocolonialism | |
| Warren Hastings Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 - 22 August 1818) was the first Governor-General of Bengal, from 1773 to 1785. He was famously accused of corruption in an impeachment in 1787, but acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1814. Warren_Hastings | |
| Hélène Cixous Hélène Cixous (; born June 5, 1937) is a professor, French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician. Hélène_Cixous | |
| Human skeleton Talk:Human_skeleton | |
| Max Delbrück Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (September 4, 1906 March 9, 1981) was a German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate. Max_Delbrück | |
| Zoe/archive 5 User_talk:Zoe/archive_5 | |
| BASF BASF | |
| Harvard Mark I The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard University, was the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the USA. It is considered by some to be the first universal calculator.The electromechanical ASCC was devised by Howard H. Harvard_Mark_I | |
| Abc conjecture The abc conjecture is a conjecture in number theory, first proposed by Joseph Oesterlé and David Masser in 1985. The conjecture is stated in terms of three positive integers, a, b and c (hence the name), which have no common factor and satisfy a b c. If d denotes the product of the distinct prime factors of abc, the conjecture essentially states that d is rarely much smaller than c. Abc_conjecture | |
| Forty-seven Ronin The revenge of the , also known as the Forty-seven Samurai, the Akō vendetta, or the took place in Japan at the start of the eighteenth century. The tale has been described by one noted Japanese scholar as the country's "national legend." It recounts the most famous case involving the samurai code of honor, bushidō.The story tells of a group of samurai who were left leaderless (became ronin) after their daimyo (feudal lord) was forced to commit seppuku (ritual suicide) for assaulting a court official named Kira Yoshinaka, whose title was Kōzukeno suke. Forty-seven_Ronin | |
| Ordinal number Talk:Ordinal_number | |
| Human Rights Watch Talk:Human_Rights_Watch | |
| Māzandarān Province Māzandarān_Province | |
| Neurolinguistics Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methododology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Neurolinguistics | |
| Cheap Trick Cheap Trick is a U.S. rock band formed in the 1970s and consisting of Robin Zander (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Rick Nielsen (lead guitar, backing vocals), Tom Petersson (electric bass, backing vocals), and Bun E. Carlos (drums, percussion).Cheap Trick created a substantial fan base through its own brand of power pop music with a hard-edged yet melodic pop sound that combines the tunefulness of The Beatles with the speed and energy of punk rock. Cheap_Trick | |
| Southern United States Historic Southern United States. The states in red were in the Confederacy and have historically been regarded as forming "the South." Those in stripes were considered "Border" states, and gave varying degrees of support to the Southern cause although they remained in the Union. Southern_United_States | |
| Cathedral architecture of Western Europe A cathedral is a church, usually Roman Catholic, Anglican, or Eastern Orthodox, housing the seat of a bishop. The word cathedral takes its name from the word cathedra, or Bishop's Throne (In Latin:ecclesia cathedralis). The term is often (sometimes improperly) used to refer to any church of great size. The church that has the function of cathedral is not of ne Cathedral_architecture_of_Western_Europe | |
| Instrumental temperature record ]See also temperature record.The instrumental temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans as measured by temperature sensors. Currently, the longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850. Instrumental_temperature_record | |
| Washington Heights, Manhattan Washington Heights is a New York City neighborhood in the northern reaches of the borough of Manhattan. It is named for Fort Washington, a fortification constructed at the highest point on Manhattan island by Continental Army troops during the American Revolutionary War, to defend the area from the British forces. Washington_Heights,_Manhattan | |
| Random House Random House, Inc. is the world's largest English-language general trade book publisher. It has been owned since 1998 by the large German private media corporation Bertelsmann and has become the umbrella brand for Bertelsmann book publishing. Random House also has a home video distribution arm, Random House Home Video. Random_House | |
| Sex and illness Talk:Sex_and_illness | |
| Empire of Japan The Empire of Japan (Kyūjitai:Shinjitai:Dai Nippon Teikoku; literally Great Imperial Japan or Great Empire of Japan, officially Great Japan, Empire of Greater Japan or Greater Japanese Empire; more widely known as Imperial Japan or the Japanese Empire) was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945. Empire_of_Japan | |
| Polygraph Talk:Polygraph | |
| Walter Winchell Walter Winchell (April 7, 1897 gossip column" while at the New York Evening Graphic. He ignored the journalistic taboo against exposing the private lives of public figures, permanently altering journalism. He was a major gossip reporter, whose newspaper column and radio program could often define the reputation of a celebrity. Walter_Winchell | |
| Radiosity (3D computer graphics) Talk:Radiosity_(3D_computer_graphics) | |
| Japanese diaspora The Japanese diaspora, and its individual members known as , are Japanese emigrants from Japan and their descendants to other parts of the world. Emigration from Japan first happened and was recorded as early as the 12th century to the Philippines, but did not become a mass phenomenon until the Meiji Era, when Japanese began to go to North America, beginning in 1897 with 35 emigrants to Mexico; and later Latin America, beginning in 1899 with 790 emigrants to Peru. Japanese_diaspora | |
| Universal Character Set Universal Character Set (UCS), defined by the ISO/IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which many character encodings are based. The UCS contains nearly a hundred thousand abstract characters, each identified by an unambiguous name and an integer number called its code point. Universal_Character_Set | |
| The Beatles discography The Beatles released twelve original studio albums (including "The Beatles", aka "White Album"), twelve EPs, and twenty-four singles (mainly featuring original music not found on their albums) in eight years (1962–1970) in their native United Kingdom. Their international discography is complicated, however, due to sometimes different versions of their albums released in other countries, particularly in their early years on Capitol Records in the United States. The_Beatles_discography | |
| Symphony No. 5 (Mahler) Symphony No. 5 by Gustav Mahler was written in 1901 and 1902 mostly during the summer months at Mahler's cottage at Maiernigg. It is arguably the best known Mahler symphony. Among its most distinctive landmarks are the funereal trumpet solo that opens the work and the frequently performed F major Adagietto.The musical canvas and emotional scope of the work are huge. Symphony_No._5_(Mahler) | |
| Shōgun (novel) Shōgun is a 1975 novel by James Clavell. It is the first novel (chronologically speaking) in the author's Asian Saga. It is set in feudal Japan in the year 1600 some months before the critical battle of Sekigahara, and gives an account of the rise of the daimyo "Toranaga" (analogous to the real-life Tokugawa Ieyasu) to the Shogunate, seen through the eyes of an English sailor whose fictional heroics are loosely based on William Adams' exploits. Shōgun_(novel) | |
| Sarcophagus A sarcophagus is a funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved or cut from stone. The word "sarcophagus" comes from the Greek σαρξ sarx meaning "flesh", and φαγειν phagein meaning "to eat", hence sarkophagus means "flesh-eating"; from the phrase lithos sarkophagos (λιθος σαρκοφάγος) the word came to refer to the limestone that was thought to decompose the flesh of corpses interred within it. Sarcophagus | |
| Macaulay computer algebra system Macaulay is a computer algebra system for doing polynomial computations, particularly Gröbner basis calculations. Macaulay is designed for solving problems in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.It is named after F.S. Macaulay, who worked in elimination theory. Macaulay was developed by Dave Bayer and Mike Stillman and was later completely rewritten by Dan Grayson and Mike Stillman as Macaulay2. Macaulay_computer_algebra_system | |
| Green roof A green roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and soil, or a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. This does not refer to roofs which are merely colored green, as with green roof shingles. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Green_roof | |
| IBM 80 series Card Sorters Card Sorters in the IBM 80 series were IBM 80 Electric Punched Card Sorting Machine Introduced by IBM in 1925. This sorter was almost twice the speed of the older Hollerith 70 vertical sorter and used an entirely new magnetically operated horizontal sorting design. At the close of 1943, IBM had 10,200 of these units on rental. IBM 81 Sorter IBM 82 Sorter Sorted cards at 650/minute. IBM 83 Sorter Sorted cards at 1000/minute (photo). IBM 84 Sorter Sorted cards at 2000/minute. IBM_80_series_Card_Sorters | |
| Shahnameh Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma () (alternative spellings are Shahnama, Shahnameh, Shahname, Shah-Nama, etc.) is an enormous poetic opus written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi around 1000 AD and is the national epic of Iran. The Shāhnāmeh tells the mythical and historical past of Greater Iran from the creation of the world up until the Islamic conquest of Iran in the 7th century. Shahnameh | |
| Eric Kandel Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is a psychiatrist, a neuroscientist and professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. Eric_Kandel | |
| Bullfighting Bullfighting a.k.a tauromachy (from Greek ταυρομαχία - tauromachia, "bull-fight"), is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, some cities in southern France, and several Latin American countries, in which one or more live bulls are ritually killed in a bullring as a public spectacle. A nonlethal variant stemming from Portuguese influence is practised on the Tanzanian island of Pemba. Bullfighting | |
| The Forward The Forward (; Forverts) is a Jewish-American weekly newspaper published in New York City. As of 2008, the Forward is published as a weekly news magazine in separate Yiddish and English editions. Each is effectively an independent publication with its own contents. Jane Eisner became Editor in June, 2008. The Editorial Director is J.J. Goldberg, who has served in that role since 2000. The paper maintains a left of center editorial stance. The_Forward | |
| Isidor Isaac Rabi Isidor Isaac Rabi (29 July 1898 – 11 January 1988) was a Galician-born American physicist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance. Isidor_Isaac_Rabi | |
| B. R. Ambedkar Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar () (April 14, 1891 — December 6, 1956), also known as Babasaheb, was an Indian nationalist, jurist, Dalit, political leader, activist, philosopher,thinker, anthropologist, historian, orator, prolific writer, economist, scholar, editor ,revolutionary and the revivalist of Buddhism in India. B._R._Ambedkar | |
| Tibet Talk:Tibet | |
| Rodgers and Hammerstein Richard Rodgers (1902 Oscar Hammerstein II (1895 American songwriting duo, usually referred to as Rodgers and Hammerstein. They created a string of popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s during what is considered the golden age of the medium. With Rodgers composing the music and Hammerstein adding the lyrics, five of their shows, Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, and The Sound of Music, were outstanding successes. In all, among the many accolad Rodgers_and_Hammerstein |
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