| Whistled language Whistled_language
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| Tanacross language Tanacross (also Transitional Tanana) is an endangered Athabaskan language spoken by fewer than 60 persons in eastern Interior Alaska. Tanacross_language
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| Nuxálk language Nuxálk (also Bella Coola) is a Salishan language spoken in the vicinity of the Canadian town Bella Coola, British Columbia by approximately 20-30 elders. Until recently, the language was called Bella Coola, but the native designation Nuxálk is now preferred.Though the number of truly fluent speakers has not increased, the language is now taught in both the provincial school system and the Nuxálk Nation's own school, Acwsalcta, which means "a place of learning". Nuxálk_language
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| Moldovan language Moldovan_language
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| Filipino language Filipino is the national language of the Philippines and, along with English, is an official language; designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Filipino is an Austronesian language that is based on the existing native language Tagalog. The Filipino language is in evolution, development and further enrichment on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. It is the first language of Filipinos living in Metro Manila and the second language of most Filipinos. Filipino_language
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| Votic language Votic or Votian (Vađđaa ceeli or maa ceeliVotes of Ingria. It is closely related to Estonian and belongs to the Balto-Finnic subgroup of Finno-Ugric languages. Votic is spoken only in Krakolye and Luzhitsy, two villages in the Kingisepp district, and is close to extinction. Votic_language
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| Middle Chinese Middle Chinese (), or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used in the context of historical Chinese phonology, which seeks to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times. Middle_Chinese
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| Livonian language Livonian ( or ) belongs to the Baltic Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is a moribund language until recently spoken by some 35Estonian. The native land of the Livonian people is Livonia, located in Latvia, in the north of the Kurzeme peninsula. Some ethnic Livonians are learning or have learnt the language in an attempt to revive it, but, as ethnic Livonians are a small minority, opportunities to use Livonian are limited. Livonian_language
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| Curonian language The term Curonian language (; ; ) may refer to two different, but related Baltic languages. Curonian_language
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| Nivkh language Nivkh or Gilyak (self-designationJapanese:Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun (a tributary of the Amur), along the lower reaches of the Amur itself, and on the northern half of Sakhalin. 'Gilyak' is the Manchu appellation. Its speakers are known as the Nivkhs.Nivkh is a language isolate; i.e., Nivkh_language
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| African reference alphabet African reference alphabet was first proposed in 1978 by a UNESCO-organized conference held in Niamey, Niger, and the proposed alphabet was revised in 1982. The conference recommended to use single letters for a sound (actually a phoneme) instead of using two or three-letter combinations or letters with diacritical marks. African_reference_alphabet
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| Brahmin Brahmin is the class of educators, law makers, scholars and preachers in Hinduism. It is said to occupy the first position among the four varnas of Hinduism.The English word brahmin is an anglicised form of the Sanskrit word a (Brāhman also refers to a sanskrit word Brahma- meaning 'knowledge', Brahman (noun form) who possesses the 'knowledge.' Brahmins are also called Vipra "learned", or Dvija "twice-born". Brahmin
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| Ga language The Ga language is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, in and around the capital Accra. It has a phonemic distinction between 3 vowel lengths. Ga_language
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| Tulu language Tulu is a Dravidian language of India with fewer than two million speakers, known as Tuluvas. Most Tuluvas live in the districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the west of the state of Karnataka. It is also spoken in the Kasaragod taluk of Kerala. There are a sizeable number of Tuluvas in the gulf as well as in Mumbai and other parts of Maharashtra. Tulu_language
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| Chukchi language The Chukchi language (лыгъоравэтлъэн йилыйил, łygˀoravetłˀɛn jilǝjil) also known as Luoravetlan, Chukot and Chukcha is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Chukchi_language
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| Karelian language Karelian is a language closely related to Finnish, with which it is not necessarily mutually intelligible. Karelian is spoken mainly in Republic of Karelia, Russia. Dialects spoken in Finnish Karelia (North Karelia and South Karelia) are not considered Karelian but Savonian dialects or Southeastern dialects of Finnish.Karelian belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages, and is distinguished from Finnish by some important extensions to the phonology and the lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century Finnish. Karelian_language
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| Veps language The Veps language (also known as Vepsian, natively as vepsan kel’), spoken by the Vepsians (also known as Veps), belongs to the Baltic-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages. According to Soviet statistics, 12 500 people were self-designated ethnic Veps at the end of 1989. Veps_language
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| Luwian language Luwian (sometimes spelled Luvian) is an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. Luwian is closely related to Hittite, and was among the languages spoken by population groups in Arzawa, to the west or southwest of the core Hittite area. In the oldest texts, eg. the Hittite Code, the Luwian-speaking areas including Arzawa and Kizzuwatna were called Luwia. In the post-Hittite era, the region of Arzawa came to be known as Lydia (Assyrian Luddu, Greek Λυδία). Luwian_language
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| Turkmen language Turkmen (Latin script:Cyrillic:ISO 639-1Turkmenistan. It is spoken by approximately 3,430,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by an additional approximately 6,000,000 people in other countries, including Iran (2,000,000), Afghanistan (500,000), Syria (500,000), Iraq (200,000-300,000), and Turkey (1,000,000). Turkmen_language
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| Total Physical Response Total Physical Response (TPR) is a method developed by Dr. James J. Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University, to aid learning second languages. The method relies on the assumption that when learning a second or additional language, language is internalized through a process of codebreaking similar to first language development and that the process allows for a long period of listening and developing comprehension prior to production. Total_Physical_Response
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| Gaulish language The Gaulish (also Gallic) language is the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became dominant in Roman Gaul. Gaulish is paraphyletically grouped with Celtiberian, Lepontic, and Galatian as Continental Celtic. The Lepontic language is sometimes considered to be a dialect of Gaulish. Gaulish is a P-Celtic language, though some inscriptions (e.g. the Coligny Calendar) show Q-Celtic characteristics.. Gaulish_language
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| Burmese script The Burmese script (Burmese:MLCTS mranma akkha.ra; ) is an abugida in the Brahmic family used in Burma for writing Burmese. In addition, various other scripts share some aspect and letters of the Burmese script, though they should not be considered strictly Burmese, including Mon, Shan, S'gaw Karen, Eastern and Western Pwo Karen dialects, Geba Karen, Rumai Palaung, Kayah, as well as being used as scripts for Pali and Sanskrit. Burmese_script
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| Berber people Talk:Berber_people
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| Languages of Pakistan Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and English is the official language. Apart from Urdu and English, there are four major provincial languages spoken in Pakistan and these are Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Balochi. In addition to the above, many other languages are spoken within the country (see below), some major, with hundreds of thousands of speakers and some minor, with only a few thousand or a few hundred speakers. Languages_of_Pakistan
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| Provençal dialect Provençal (Provençau) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people in southern France, mostly in Provence. In the English-speaking world, "Provençal" is often used to refer to all dialects of Occitan, but it actually refers specifically to the dialect spoken in Provence, as well as in the southern portion of the Dauphiné, the Nîmes region in Languedoc, and the upper valleys of Piedmont, Italy (Val Maira, Val Varacha, Val d'Estura, Entraigas, Limon, Vinai, Pignerol, Sestriera). Provençal_dialect
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| Instrumental case instrumental case (also called the eighth case) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.For example, in this Russian sentenceЯ написал письмо пером. (translit. Instrumental_case
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| Kodava Takk Kodava Takk or Kodava takka, (ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್) is the original language of the south Karnataka district of Kodagu. The language is often called Kodava or Coorg language in English. The number of speakers is estimated at up to about 500,000. It is the primary language of Kodavas, but a large portion of other communities and tribes in Kodagu also use Kodava Takk. Kodava_Takk
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| Mirandese language Mirandese language (autonymmirandés or lhéngua mirandesa; or ) is a Romance language sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal, in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso. The Portuguese Parliament granted it co-official recognition (along with Portuguese language) for local matters on 17 September, 1998 with the law 7/99 of 29 January, 1999.Mirandese has a distinct phonology, morphology and syntax, and has been distinct at least since the formation of Portugal (12th century). Mirandese_language
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| Galician language Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, as well as in small bordering zones in the neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castile and León and in Northern Portugal. Galician and Portuguese were, in medieval times, a single language which linguists call Galician-Portuguese, Medieval Galician, or Old Portuguese, spoken in the territories initially ruled by the medieval Kingdom of Galicia. Galician_language
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| Valencian Talk:Valencian
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| Arabic alphabet/from the French Wikipedia/discuss this page Talk:Arabic_alphabet/from_the_French_Wikipedia/discuss_this_page
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| Modern Greek Modern Greek ( or , 'Neo-Hellenic', historically also known as Ρωμαίικα, 'Romaic') refers to the varieties of Greek spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic modern features of the language had been present centuries earlier- from the 3rd c. Modern_Greek
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| Upper Sorbian language Upper Sorbian () is a minority language spoken in Germany in the historical province of Upper Lusatia (Hornja Łužica in Sorbian), which is today part of Saxony. It is grouped in the West Slavic language branch together with Lower Sorbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak and other languages. Upper_Sorbian_language
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| Lower Sorbian language Lower Sorbian () is a Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg. It is one of the two literary Sorbian languages, the other being Upper Sorbian. Although similar to each other, the Lower Sorbian is a bit more like the Polish language, while Upper Sorbian a bit more like Czech Language. Lower_Sorbian_language
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| SAMPA chart Talk:SAMPA_chart
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| Abaza language The Abaza language (Абаза Бызшва, Abaza Byzšwa) is a language of the Caucasus mountains in the Russian Karachay-Cherkess Republic by the Abazins. It consists of two dialects, the Ashkherewa dialect and the T'ap'anta dialect, which is the literary standard.Abaza is spoken by approximately 35,000 people in Russia, where it is written using a modified Cyrillic alphabet, as well as another 10,000 in Turkey, where the Roman alphabet is used. Abaza_language
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| Sundanese language Not to be confused with SudaneseSundanese (Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population. Sundanese_language
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| Walloon language Walloon (Walon) is a Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Wallonia, Belgium. It belongs to the langue d'oïl language family, whose most prominent member is the French language, but should not be considered a French dialect:Belgian French, which differs from the French spoken in France only in some minor points of vocabulary and pronunciation. Walloon_language
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| Synthetic language A synthetic language, in linguistic typology, is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio. This linguistic classification is largely independent of morpheme-usage classifications (such as fusional, agglutinative, etc.), although there is a common tendency for agglutinative languages to exhibit synthetic properties. Synthetic_language
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| Orokolo Orokolo is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken in Papua New Guinea by about 13,000 people (1977). Orokolo
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| Balearic Philologists coined Balearic as a collective name for the group of Catalan variants that people speak in the Balearic Islands. Those who speak it refer to their variant by the name local to their individual islandAt the last census, 746,792 people in the Balearic Islands claimed to be able to speak Catalan, though some of these people may be speakers of mainland variants. Balearic
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| Dogon people The Dogon are a group of people living in the central plateau region of Mali, south of the Niger bend near the city of Bandiagara in the Mopti region. They number just under 800,000 The Dogon are best known for their mythology, their mask dances, wooden sculpture and their architecture. The past century has seen significant changes in the social organization, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, partly because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. Dogon_people
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| Tiwa languages Tiwa (Spanish Tigua, also E-nagh-magh) is a group of two, possibly three, related Kiowa-Tanoan languages spoken by the Tiwa Pueblo, and possibly Piro Pueblo, groups in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Tiwa_languages
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| Old Frisian Old Frisian is a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries in the area between the Rhine and Elbe on the European North Sea coast. Whether the speakers of Frisian are the immediate descendants of the Frisians of Roman times or immigrants from North Germany and Denmark is unknown. Old_Frisian
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| Portuguese language Talk:Portuguese_language
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| Pictish language Pictish is a term used for the extinct language or languages thought to have been spoken by the Picts, the people of northern and central Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. The idea that a distinct Pictish language was perceived at some point is only attested clearly in Bede's early 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, but there is not enough evidence to test either the language's sprachraum or its coherency as a dialect continuum. Pictish_language
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| Cumbric language Cumbric is a Brythonic Celtic language, sometimes considered to be a dialect of Welsh, spoken in the Hen Ogledd ("Old North") in what is now northern England and southern Lowland Scotland, the area anciently referred to as Cumbria. Place name evidence suggests Cumbric speakers may have carried it into other parts of Northern England as migrants from its core area further north Cumbric_language
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| Chemakum language The Chemakum language (; also written as Chimakum or Chimacum) was spoken by the Chemakum, a Native American group that once lived on western Washington state's Olympic Peninsula. The Chemakum language was very similar to the Quileute language (the only surviving Chimakuan language). In the 1860s, Chief Seattle and the Suquamish people wiped out the Chemakum people, killing the language off with them. Chemakum_language
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| Friulian language Friulian ('marilenghe in Friulian, friulano in Italian) (also Eastern Ladin), more properly Friulan in English, is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaetian family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. Friulian has around 800,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak Italian. Friulian_language
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| Swabian German Swabian_German
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