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English Wikipedia references for Stanford.edu 251-300 of 8415
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| Inertia Inertia is the resistance of mass, i.e. any physical object, to a change in its state of motion. The principle of inertia is one of the fundamental principles of classical physics which are used to describe the motion of matter and how it is affected by applied forces. Inertia comes from the Latin word, "iners", meaning idle, or lazy. Sir Isaac Newton defined inertia in Definition 3 of his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which states Inertia | |
| Individualist anarchism Individualist anarchism refers to any of several traditions that hold that "individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective body or public authority" and that the imposition of "the system of democracy, of majority decision" over the decision of the individual "is held null and void." Individualist_anarchism | |
| Immune system immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function properly. Detection is complicated as pathogens can evolve rapidly, producing adaptations that avoid the immune system and allow the pathogens to successfully infect their hosts. Immune_system | |
| Internalism and externalism Internalism and externalism are the names of two contrasting theories in several areas of philosophy. between internal and external The distinction crops between internal and external entities arises in many areas of debate with similar but distinct meanings. Internalism_and_externalism | |
| Israeli settlement Israeli settlements are residential areas inhabited by Jewish Israelis in Arab territory that was occupied during the 1967 Six-Day War. Such settlements currently exist in the West Bank, which is militarily occupied by Israel and is under Israeli military administration and partially under the control of the Palestinian National Authority, and in the Golan Heights, which are under Israeli civilian administration. Israeli_settlement | |
| Intel Corporation/Archive1 Talk:Intel_Corporation/Archive1 | |
| Information retrieval Information retrieval (IR) is the science of searching for documents, for information within documents and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching relational databases and the World Wide Web. There is overlap in the usage of the terms data retrieval, document retrieval, information retrieval, and text retrieval, but each also has its own body of literature, theory, praxis and technologies. Information_retrieval | |
| Intelligent design Intelligent design is the assertion that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." It is a modern form of the traditional teleological argument for the existence of God, but one which avoids specifying the nature or identity of the designer. Intelligent_design | |
| Immanuel Kant Talk:Immanuel_Kant | |
| Ice age "ice age" or, more precisely, "glacial age" denotes a geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in an expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Within a long-term ice age, individual pulses of extra cold climate are termed "glaciations". Ice_age | |
| James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish expatriate author of the 20th century. He is known for his landmark novel Ulysses (1922) and its controversial successor Finnegans Wake (1939), as well as the short story collection Dubliners (1914) and the semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916).Although he spent most of his adult life outside Ireland, Joyce's psychological and fictional universe is firmly rooted in his native Dublin, the city which provides the settings and much of the subject matter for all his fiction. James_Joyce | |
| Simon-Ehrlich wager Julian L. Simon and Paul Ehrlich entered in a famous wager in 1980, betting on a mutually agreed upon measure of resource scarcity over the decade leading up to 1990. Simon-Ehrlich_wager | |
| John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 British philosopher, political theorist, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential liberal thinker of the 19th century. He was an exponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's. John_Stuart_Mill | |
| John Steinbeck John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American writer. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, and the novella Of Mice and Men, published in 1937. In all, he wrote twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories. In 1962 Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. John_Steinbeck | |
| Joseph Stalin/Archive 3 Talk:Joseph_Stalin/Archive_3 | |
| John von Neumann John von Neumann (Hungarian:margittai Neumann János Lajos) (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian American John_von_Neumann | |
| Jet engine A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets and pump-jets. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines but non-combusting forms also exist.In some common parlance, the term 'jet engine' is loosely referred to an Jet_engine | |
| John Hagelin John Hagelin, scientist, educator, and three-time Natural Law Party candidate for President of the United States, is Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy at Maharishi University of Management, Executive Director of the International Center for Invincible Defense, President of the US Peace Government, and Raja of Invincible America. John_Hagelin | |
| John Locke John Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher. Locke is considered the first of the British empiricists, but is equally important to social contract theory. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, classical republicans, and contributors to liberal theory. John_Locke | |
| John Dewey John Dewey (October 20, 1859 philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose thoughts and ideas have been highly influential in the United States and around the world. Dewey, along with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, is recognized as one of the founders of the philosophical school of pragmatism. He is also one of the founders of functional psychology and was a leading representative of the progressive movement in U.S. schooling during the first half of the 20th century. John_Dewey | |
| Jürgen Habermas Jürgen Habermas (; born June 18, 1929) is a German philosopher and sociologist in the tradition of critical theory and American pragmatism. He is perhaps best known for his work on the concept of the public sphere, the topic (and title) of his first book. His work focused on the foundations of social theory and epistemology, the analysis of advanced capitalistic societies and democracy, the rule of law in a critical social-evolutionary context, and contemporary politics—particularly German politics. Jürgen_Habermas | |
| Julian the Apostate Julian_the_Apostate | |
| Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (pronounced German composer and pianist, was one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene. In his lifetime, Brahms's popularity and influence were considerable; following a comment by the nineteenth century conductor Hans von Bülow, he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the Three Bs. Johannes_Brahms | |
| Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 Jean-Paul Sartre, was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy. Jean-Paul_Sartre | |
| Joseph Greenberg Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was a prominent and controversial American linguist, principally known for his work in two areas, linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages. Joseph_Greenberg | |
| John Wycliffe John Wycliffe (; also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, or Wickliffe) (mid-1320s – 31 December 1384) was an English theologian, lay preacher, translator and reformist. Wycliffe was an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. John_Wycliffe | |
| Kilogram kilogram or kilogramme (symbolbase unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI, from the French ). The kilogram is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), which is almost Kilogram | |
| Karl Popper Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH, FRS, FBA (28 July 1902 philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics. He is considered one of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century, and also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy. Karl_Popper | |
| Kazakhstan Kazakhstan | |
| History of Kyrgyzstan History_of_Kyrgyzstan | |
| Kurt Gödel Kurt Gödel (; April 28, 1906 Brno – January 14, 1978 Princeton, New Jersey) was an Austrian-American logician, mathematician and philosopher. One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when many, such as Bertrand Russell, A. N. Whitehead and David Hilbert, were pioneering the use of logic and set theory to understand the foundations of mathematics. Kurt_Gödel | |
| Karl Marx Karl_Marx | |
| KRL (programming language) KRL is a knowledge representation language, developed by Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd while at Xerox PARC and Stanford University, respectively. It is a frame-based language. KRL_(programming_language) | |
| Knowledge Systems Laboratory Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL) is an artificial intelligence research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. Current work focuses on knowledge representation for shareable engineering knowledge bases and systems, computational environments for modelling physical devices, architectures for adaptive intelligent systems, and expert systems for science and engineering. Knowledge_Systems_Laboratory | |
| Larry Sanger/Will these comments ever stop User:Larry_Sanger/Will_these_comments_ever_stop | |
| Labor theory of value The labour theories of value (LTV) are economic theories of value according to which the values of commodities are related to the labour needed to produce them.There are many different accounts of labour value, with the common element that the "value" of an exchangeable good or service is, or tends to be, or can be considered as, or "is to be measured as" equal or proportional to the amount of labour required to produce it (including the labour required to produce the raw materials and machinery used in production). Labor_theory_of_value | |
| Law of excluded middle This article uses forms of logical notation. For a concise description of the symbols used in this notation, see Table of logic symbols.In logic, the law of the excluded middle states that the propositional calculus formula "P ∨ ¬P" ("P or not-P") can be deduced from the calculus under investigation. It is one of the defining properties of classical systems of logic. However, some systems of logic have different but analogous laws, while others reject the law of excluded middle entirely. Law_of_excluded_middle | |
| Library library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housedcollection of books. The term can mean the collection, the building that houses such a collection, or both. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to — or cannot afford to — purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. Library | |
| Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. Described by Bertrand Russell as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating," Wittgenstein is considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. Ludwig_Wittgenstein | |
| Leucippus Leucippus or Leukippos (Greek , first half of 5th century BC) was the first to develop the theory of atomism — the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms — which was elaborated in far greater detail by his pupil and successor, Democritus. He was born at Miletus or Abdera. Leucippus | |
| Lisp (programming language) Talk:Lisp_(programming_language) | |
| Lisp (programming language) Lisp (or LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized syntax. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older. Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history. Today, the most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp and Scheme. Lisp_(programming_language) | |
| Libertarianism/Archive 7 Talk:Libertarianism/Archive_7 | |
| Leather Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. The tanning process converts the putrescible skin into a durable, long-lasting and versatile natural material for various uses. wood, leather formed the basis of much ancient technology. Leather | |
| Logical connective In logic, two sentences (either in a formal language or a natural language) may be joined by means of a logical connective to form a compound sentence (Enderton 2001truth value of the compound is uniquely determined by the truth values of the simpler sentences. Each logical connective therefore represents a function, called a truth function. For this reason, logical connectives are sometimes called truth-functional connectives. Logical_connective | |
| Linked list computer science, a linked list is data structure that consists of a sequence of data records such that in each record there is a field that contains a reference (i.e., a link) to the next record in the sequence.A linked list whose nodes contain two fieldsLinked lists are among the simplest and most common data structures, and are used to implement many important abstract data structures, such as stacks, queues, hash tables, symbolic expressions, skip lists, and many more. Linked_list | |
| Life Life is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have self-sustaining biological processes ("alive," "living"), from those which do not death), or else because they lack such functions and are classified as "inanimate."In the science of biology, "life" (cf. Life | |
| Logical positivism Logical positivism (also called logical empiricism and neo-positivism) is a school of philosophy that combines empiricism, the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world, with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs and deductions in epistemology.Logical positivism grew from the discussions of a group called the "First Vienna Circle" which gathered at the Café Central before World War I. Logical_positivism | |
| Language acquisition Talk:Language_acquisition | |
| Memory In psychology, memory is an organism's mental ability to store, retain and recall information. Traditional studies of memory began in the fields of philosophy, including techniques of artificially enhancing the memory. paradigms of cognitive psychology. In recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a branch of science called cognitive neuroscience, an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Memory |
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