| Ulster Scots Ulster Scots (or Ullans) generally refers to the dialects of Scots spoken in parts of Ulster. Some definitions of Ulster Scots may also include Standard English spoken with an Ulster Scots accent. – where lexical items have been re-allocated to the phoneme classes that are nearest to the equivalent standard classes – a situation equivalent to that of Lowland Scots and Scottish Standard English. Ulster_Scots
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| Dungan language The Dungan language is a Sinitic language spoken by the Dungan of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China. Dungan_language
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| Hainan Hainan (; POJ:pinyin:jyutping:province of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Although the province comprises some two hundred islands scattered among three archipelagos off the southern coast, all but three percent of its land mass is on Hainan Island (Hainan Dao), from which the province takes its name. Hainan
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| ISO 639 ISO 639 is the set of international standards that lists short codes for language names. It was also the name of the original standard, approved in 1967 and withdrawn in 2002.ISO 639 consists of different parts, of which four parts have been approved (parts 1, 2, 3 and 5). The other parts are works in progress. ISO_639
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| Nynorsk Nynorsk or New Norwegian is one of the two official written languages in Norway, the other being Bokmål. Just above 10% of the Norwegian population use Nynorsk as their primary written language. In Norwegian, Nynorsk also often covers the modern Norwegian dialects, upon which the standard language is based. The standard language was created by Ivar Aasen during the 1800s to provide a Norwegian alternative to the Danish language which was commonly written in Norway at the time. Nynorsk
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| Reduplication Reduplication, in linguistics, is a morphological process by which the root or stem of a word, or part of it, is repeated. Reduplication is used in inflections to convey a grammatical function, such as plurality, intensification, etc., and in lexical derivation to create new words. Reduplication
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| Brandenburgisch Brandenburgish or Markish is a dialect spoken in Germany in the northern and western parts of Brandenburg (Uckermark, Prignitz and Mittelmark regions) as well as in northern Saxony-Anhalt (Altmark). The language area can be further divided between into North Markish (Stendal, Wittenberge, Prenzlau) and South (or Central) Markish (Brandenburg an der Havel). Brandenburgisch
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| Hazaragi Hazaragi is a variety of Persian (Hazaragiهزارگی یا آزرگی) spoken by the Hazara people of Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. The primary differences between Standard Persian and Hazaragi are the accent and a larger borrowing of Turkic and Mongolic vocabulary. Hazaragi
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| Avestan language Avestan is a Eastern Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. Iranian languages are part of the Indo-Iranian Language group. The Indo-Iranian language group is a branch of the Indo-European language family. Avestan_language
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| Navajo language Navajo or Navaho (native name:Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken in northwest Canada and Alaska). Navajo_language
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| Bosnian language Bosnian (, Cyrillic script:South Slavic language spoken primarily in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region of Sandžak in Serbia and Montenegro, although it is also spoken in various places throughout the world, as many speakers were forced to become refugees during the Bosnian war. Bosnian_language
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| Reference Desk archive 1 Wikipedia:Reference_Desk_archive_1
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| Eastphalian language Eastphalian, or Eastfalian (), is a West Low German dialect spoken east of the Weser river in southern parts of Lower Saxony and western parts of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany, including Hanover, Braunschweig, Hildesheim, Göttingen and Magdeburg, an area that roughly corresponds with the historic region of Eastphalia. Eastphalian_language
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| Okinawan language Okinawan (沖縄口 ; Okinawanuchinā-guchi, Japaneseokinawa-guchi) is a Ryukyuan language spoken in Japan on the southern island of Okinawa, as well as the surrounding islands of Kerama, Kume-jima, Tonaki, Aguni, and a number of smaller islands located to the east of the main island of Okinawa. Okinawan_language
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| Hutterite German Hutterite German (Hutterisch) is an Upper German dialect of the Austro-Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities in Canada and the United States. Hutterite is also called Tirolean, but this is an anachronism. Hutterite_German
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| Pennsylvania German language The Pennsylvania German language (usually referred to as Pennsylvania Dutch, or simply as Dutch, in American English; usually referred to in Pennsylvania German as Deitsch, Pennsylvania Deitsch or Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch) is a variety of West Central German possibly spoken by more than 250,000 people in North America. Pennsylvania_German_language
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| Plautdietsch Plautdietsch, or Mennonite Low German, was originally a Low Prussian variety of East Low German, with Dutch influence, that developed in the 16th and 17th centuries in the Vistula delta area of Royal Prussia, today Polish territory. The word is etymologically cognate with Plattdeutsch, or Low German. Plautdietsch
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| Mohawk language This article is about the language spoken by the Mohawk people; for other uses, see Mohawk.Mohawk is a Native American language spoken by the Mohawk nation in the United States and Canada. It is part of the Iroquoian family. In schools of northern New York particularly in Native American Reservations Native American Languages are taught depending on the tribe in the reservation Mohawk_language
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| Soranî Soranî (; also called Central Kurdish) is the name of a Kurdic language that is spoken in Iran and Iraq and such is a member of the Iranian languages. Soranî belongs to one of the main Kurdic languages. Soranî
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| Indigenous languages of the Americas Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas. These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates and unclassified languages. Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
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| St John's wort Talk:St_John's_wort
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| Chinook Jargon Chinook Jargon originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread quickly up the West Coast from modern Oregon to the regions now Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. It is related to, but not the same as, the aboriginal language of the Chinook people, upon which much of its vocabulary is based. Chinook_Jargon
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| Chechen language The Chechen language (Нохчийн мотт / Noxçiyn mott; Medieval Chechenنوًچین موت) is spoken by more than 1.3 million people, mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people elsewhere. Chechen_language
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| East Frisian Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon is a West Low German dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony. It is used quite frequent in everyday speech there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses Platdüütsk. A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease. East_Frisian_Low_Saxon
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| Taiwanese Sign Language Taiwanese Sign Language (TSL) is the sign language most commonly used in Taiwan. It is the native language of some 50,000 people in the Republic of China. TSL was heavily influenced by Japanese Sign Language during Japanese rule and thus has some mutual intelligibility with both Japanese Sign Language and Korean Sign Language. After the retrocession of Taiwan to the ROC, Taiwan absorbed an influx of sign language users from mainland China who influenced TSL through teaching methods and loanwords. Taiwanese_Sign_Language
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| Gullah language The Gullah language (also called Sea Island Creole English and Geechee) is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees"), an African American population living on the Sea Islands and the coastal region of the U.S. states of South Carolina and Georgia. Gullah is based on English, with strong influences from West and Central African languages such as Mandinka, Wolof, Bambara, Fula, Mende, Vai, Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, Kongo, Umbundu, and Kimbundu. Gullah_language
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| Arvanitika Arvanitika or Arvanitic (Arvanitikaarbërisht, Greek:arvanitika) is the variety of Albanian traditionally spoken by the Arvanites, a population group in Greece. Arvanitika is sometimes also described as Graeco-Albanian or similarly, although today such designations are considered offensive by many Arvanites themselves, who identify nationally and ethnically as Greeks and not Albanians ( GHM 1995). Arvanitika
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| Universal Character Set Universal Character Set (UCS), defined by the ISO/IEC 10646 International Standard, is a standard set of characters upon which many character encodings are based. The UCS contains nearly a hundred thousand abstract characters, each identified by an unambiguous name and an integer number called its code point. Universal_Character_Set
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| Modern English Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift, completed in roughly 1550.Despite some differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English or Elizabethan English. Modern_English
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| Assamese language Assamese ( 'Indo-Aryan language. It is used mainly in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Small pockets of Assamese speakers can be found in Bhutan. The easternmost of Indo-European languages, it is spoken by over 13 million people. Assamese_language
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| Spanish in the United States The Spanish language is the second most-common language in the United States after English. There are more Spanish speakers in the U.S. than there are speakers of French, Hawaiian, and the Native American languages combined. According to the 2007 American Community Survey conducted by the United States Census Bureau, Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by over 34 million people aged 5 or older. Spanish_in_the_United_States
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| Lydian language Lydian was an Indo-European language spoken in the region of Lydia in western Anatolia (present-day Turkey). It belongs to the Anatolian group of the Indo-European language family. Within this group, it occupies a unique position due to a number of features not shared with the other Anatolian languages. Lydian_language
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| Lycian language Lycian language (Lycian Trm̃mili) refers to the inscriptional language of ancient Lycia, populated by Lycians, as well as its presumed spoken counterpart. Lycian_language
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| Tatar language The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. Tatar_language
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| Azerbaijani language Azerbaijani (also Azeri, Azari, Azeri Turkic, Azerbaijani Turkic) is a language belonging to the Turkic language family, spoken in southwestern Asia, primarily in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Azeri is member of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages and is closely related to Turkish. Azerbaijani_language
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| Alemán Coloniero Alemán Coloniero, spoken in Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, is a dialect that belongs to the Low Alemannic branch of German. Alemán_Coloniero
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| Mixtec Mixtec (or Mixteca) are indigenous Mesoamerican peoples inhabiting the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla in a region known as La Mixteca. The Mixtecan languages form an important branch of the Otomanguean linguistic family.The term Mixtec (Mixteco in Spanish) comes from the Nahuatl word Mixtecapan, or "place of the cloud-people". Mixtec
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| Ket language The Ket language, formerly known as Yenisei Ostyak, a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of a Yeniseian language family, is spoken along the middle Yenisei Basin by the Kets. Attempts have been made by Soviet scholars to establish a relationship with either Burushaski or the Sino-Tibetan languages, and it frequently forms part of the Dene-Caucasian hypothesis. Ket_language
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| Kalto language Kalto (also known as Nihali or Nahali) is a language isolate spoken in west-central India (in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) by around 2,000 people (in 1991) out of an ethnic population of 5,000. The language has many loans from Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Munda languages, but much of its vocabulary cannot be related to other language families.Kuiper (1962) was the first to suggest that it is unrelated to any other Indian language, but its vocabulary has been heavily influenced by neighboring languages, with 60–70% borrowed, from Munda Korku (25%), Dravidian, and Indo-European Marathi. Kalto_language
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| Shelta Shelta (also known as Gammen, Sheldru, Pavee, Caintíotar or simply "The Cant") is a language spoken by the Irish Traveller people. It was often used to conceal meaning from those outside the group. The language is found throughout Ireland, but is more concentrated in the south-east part of the country.Shelta is a cant originally based on Irish with some English influences. Shelta
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| Min Nan The Southern Min language, or Min Nan (Hokkien:'Chinese dialects which are spoken in southern Fujian and neighboring areas, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora. In common parlance, Southern Min usually refers to the Hokkien, in particular the Amoy and Taiwanese. Min_Nan
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| Ubykh language Ubykh or Ubyx is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, spoken by the Ubykh people up until the early 1990s. The word is derived from , its name in the Abdzakh Adyghe (Circassian) language. It is known in linguistic literature by many namesUbikh, Ubıh (Turkish) and Oubykh (French); and Pekhi (from Ubykh ) and its Germanised variant Päkhy. Ubykh_language
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| Westphalian language Westphalian_language
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| Chagatai language The Chagatai language (جغتای - Jaĝatāy; Uyghur:چاغاتاي Chaghatay; Uzbek:ﭼﯩﻐﻪتاي Chegheta'iy) is an extinct Turkic language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia, and remained the shared literary language there until the early twentieth century. It was also spoken by the Mughal rulers in India. Chagatai_language
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| Abkhaz language Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mainly by the Abkhaz people. It is the official language of Abkhazia, where around 100,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan and several Western countries. Russia has 9447 Abkhaz speakers, according to the last census. Abkhaz_language
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| Northern Thai language The Northern Thai language or Kham Mueang (Thai: ) or Lanna is the language of the Thai Yuan people of Lannathai, Thailand. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao. Northern Thai has approximately six million speakers, most of whom live in Thailand, with a few thousand in northwestern Laos. Northern_Thai_language
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| Dyirbal language Dyirbal (also Djirubal) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northeast Queensland by about 5 speakers of the Dyirbal tribe. It is a member of the small Dyirbalic branch of the Pama-Nyungan family. It possesses many outstanding features that have made it well known among linguists. Dyirbal_language
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| Cheyenne language The Cheyenne language (Tsėhesenėstsestotse or, in easier spelling, Tsisinstsistots) is a Native American language spoken in present-day Montana and Oklahoma in the United States. It is part of the Algonquian language family. Like all Algonquian languages, it has complex agglutinative morphology. Cheyenne_language
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| Ugaritic language The Ugaritic language, discovered by French archaeologists in 1928, is known only in the form of writings found in the lost city of Ugarit, near the modern village of Ras Shamra, Syria. It has been extremely important for scholars of the Old Testament in clarifying Biblical Hebrew texts and has revealed more of the way in which ancient Israelite culture finds parallels in the neighboring cultures. Ugaritic_language
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| Pirahã language Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán; Portuguese:Pirarrã; Pirahã languagexapaitíiso) is a language spoken by the Pirahã Amazonas, Brazil, who live along the Maici river, a tributary of the Amazon.Pirahã is believed to be the only surviving member of the Mura language family, all other members having become extinct in the last few centuries. Pirahã_language
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