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English Wikipedia references for Nobelprize.org 251-300 of 2142
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| Nash equilibrium Talk:Nash_equilibrium | |
| Refugee A refugee is a person who flees to escape conflict, persecution or natural disaster. Owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country. Refugee | |
| Lobotomy lobotomy (Greek:Lobe of brain, tomospsychosurgery, also known as a leukotomy or leucotomy (from Greek leukosprefrontal cortex. Lobotomies have now fallen out of use, as doctors use various drugs and psychological therapies to treat mental health issues. Lobotomies were used mainly from the 1930s to 1950s to treat a wide range of severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, clinical depression, and various anxiety disorders, as well as people who were considered a nuisance by demonstrating behavior characterized as, for example, "moodiness" or "youthful defiance". Lobotomy | |
| Otto Hahn Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclear chemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age". Otto_Hahn | |
| Cosmic ray For the 1962 Bruce Conner film, see Cosmic Ray (film)Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from outer space that impinge on Earth's atmosphere. Almost 90% of all the incoming cosmic ray particles are protons, almost 10% are helium nuclei (alpha particles), and slightly under 1% are heavier elements and electrons (beta minus particles). The term ray is a misnomer, as cosmic particles arrive individually, not in the form of a ray or beam of particles. Cosmic_ray | |
| Texas Instruments Texas Instruments (), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. TI is the No. 4 manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel, Samsung and Toshiba, and is the top supplier of chips for cellular handsets, as well as the No. Texas_Instruments | |
| William Ramsay Sir William Ramsay, KCB (2 October 1852 Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with Lord Rayleigh who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for the discovery of argon). William_Ramsay | |
| José Saramago José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (; born November 16, 1922) is a Nobel-laureate Portuguese novelist, playwright and journalist. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the human factor rather than the officially sanctioned story. José_Saramago | |
| Shimon Peres '' on 2 August 1923) is the ninth and current President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President. In November 2008 he was presented with an honorary knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II. Shimon_Peres | |
| Nucleosynthesis Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from preexisting nucleons (protons and neutrons). It is thought that the primordial nucleons themselves were formed from the quark-gluon plasma from the Big Bang as it cooled below two trillion degrees. Nucleosynthesis | |
| African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring Suffrage in Southern states. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the South. African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955–1968) | |
| Robert Andrews Millikan Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect. He served as president of Caltech from 1921 to 1945. Robert_Andrews_Millikan | |
| José Ramos-Horta (José Manuel Ramos-Horta (), GCL (born 26 December 1949) is the second President of East Timor since independence from Indonesia, taking office on 20 May 2007. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize and a former Prime Minister, having served from 2006 until his inauguration as President after winning the 2007 East Timorese presidential election. José_Ramos-Horta | |
| Anwar El Sadat Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat, or Anwar El Sadat (, ) (25 December 1918 - 6 October 1981), was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination on 6 October 1981. He was a senior member of the Free Officers group that overthrew the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom he succeeded as President in 1970. Anwar_El_Sadat | |
| Gary Becker Gary Stanley Becker (born December 2, 1930) is an American economist and a Nobel laureate. Born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Becker earned a B.A. at Princeton University in 1951 and a Ph.D. at The University of Chicago in 1955. He taught at Columbia University from 1957 to 1968, and then returned to The University of Chicago, where he holds joint appointments with the departments of Economics, Sociology, and the Booth School of Business. Gary_Becker | |
| Eugene V. Debs Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), as well as candidate for President of the United States as a member of the Social Democratic Party in 1900, and later as a member of the Socialist Party of America in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920. Eugene_V._Debs | |
| Regional science Regional science is a field of the social sciences concerned with analytical approaches to problems that are specifically urban, rural, or regional. Topics in regional science include, but are not limited to location theory or spatial economics, location modeling, transportation, migration analysis, land use and urban development, interindustry analysis, environmental and ecological analysis, resource management, urban and regional policy analysis, geographical information systems, and spatial data analysis. Regional_science | |
| Sinclair Lewis Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters." His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American society and capitalist values, as well as their strong characterizations of modern working women. Sinclair_Lewis | |
| Nobel Prize in Literature The Nobel Prize in Literature () is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedishden som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning). Nobel_Prize_in_Literature | |
| Superconductivity Talk:Superconductivity | |
| Amartya Sen Amartya Kumar Sen CH (Hon) (Bengali Ômorto Kumar Shen) (born 3 November 1933), is an Indian born Nobel Prize-winning economist. He is known "for his contributions to welfare economics" for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, the underlying mechanisms of poverty, gender inequality, and political liberalism. He is an Indian citizen and a distinguished economist-philosopher who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in the year 1998. Amartya_Sen | |
| Sidney Altman Sidney Altman is a Canadian molecular biologist, who is currently the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R. Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA. Sidney_Altman | |
| Ivan Pavlov For other uses, see Pavlov (disambiguation).Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (, September 14, 1849 Russian, and later Soviet, physiologist, psychologist, and physician. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for research pertaining to the digestive system. Pavlov is widely known for first describing the phenomenon of classical conditioning. Ivan_Pavlov | |
| Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Physics () is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Nobel_Prize_in_Physics | |
| Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine () is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine since 1901. Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine | |
| Mutual assured destruction Talk:Mutual_assured_destruction | |
| Emil Adolf von Behring Emil Adolf von Behring (15 March 1854 31 March 1917) was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Emil_Adolf_von_Behring | |
| Camillo Golgi Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel laureate. Camillo_Golgi | |
| Boltzmann constant Boltzmann_constant | |
| Henri Becquerel Henri_Becquerel | |
| Biophysics Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that employs and develops theories and methods of the physical sciences for the investigation of biological systems. Studies included under the umbrella of biophysics span all levels of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, nanotechnology, bioengineering, agrophysics and systems biology. Biophysics | |
| Ryoji Noyori (born September 3, 1938) is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. Noyori shared half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations; the second half of the Prize went to K. Barry Sharpless for his study in chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions (Sharpless epoxidation). Ryoji_Noyori | |
| Ivo Andrić Ivo Andrić (Cyrillic:October 9, 1892 March 13, 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, and the 1961 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature Ivo_Andrić | |
| Aniara Aniara (full original titleAniara ) is a poem of science fiction written by the Swedish Nobel laureate Harry Martinson in 1956. It was published on 13 October 1956. The title comes from ancient Greek ἀνιαρός, "sad, despairing", plus special resonances that the sound "a" had for Martinson. Aniara | |
| Bergen Bergen () is the second largest city in Norway, with a population of 252,051 as of 1 January 2009. Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland county. Greater Bergen or Bergen Economic Region, as defined by Statistics Norway, had a population of 385,450 as of 1 January 2009.Bergen is located in the county of Hordaland on the south-western coast of Norway. Bergen | |
| Economist An economist is an expert in the social science of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophical theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific markets, macroeconomic analysis, microeconomic analysis or financial analysis, involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics, statistics, economics computational models, financial economics, mathematical finance and mathematical economics. Economist | |
| Port of Spain Port of Spain is the capital of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the country's third-largest municipality, after San Fernando and Chaguanas. The city has a municipal population of 49,031 (2000 census), a metropolitan population of 128,026 (1990 unofficial estimate) and a transient daily population of 250,000. Port_of_Spain | |
| Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans () is a free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1molecular and developmental biology of C. elegans was begun in 1974 by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model organism. Caenorhabditis_elegans | |
| Timeline of photography technology Timeline of photography technology 1826 – Nicéphore Niépce takes the first permanent photograph, a landscape that required an eight hour exposure. 1835 – William Fox Talbot creates his own photography process. 1839 – Louis Daguerre patents the daguerreotype. 1839 – William Fox Talbot invented the positive / negative pro Timeline_of_photography_technology | |
| Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist. His scientific career was spent exploring extremely cold refrigeration techniques and the associated phenomena. Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes | |
| Ferrocene Ferrocene is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe(C5H5)2. It is the prototypical metallocene, a type of organometallic chemical compound consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings bound on opposite sides of a central metal atom. Such organometallic compounds are also known as sandwich compounds. The rapid growth of organometallic chemistry is often attributed to the excitement arising from the discovery of ferrocene and its many analogues. Ferrocene | |
| Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell () OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB (22 February 1857B-P or Lord Baden-Powell, was a lieutenant-general in the British Army, writer, and founder of the Scout Movement.After having been educated at Charterhouse School, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell | |
| University of Bristol University_of_Bristol | |
| Royal Ulster Constabulary The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001. It was founded on 1 June 1922 out of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), the Belfast Borough Police Force and the Londonderry Borough Police Force (known colloquially as the "Derry City Force" - a name which stayed for many years). Royal_Ulster_Constabulary | |
| Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as x-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.Following transliteration conventions for characters accented by an umlaut, "Röntgen" in English is spelled "Roentgen", and that is the usual rendering found in English-language scientific and medical references. Wilhelm_Röntgen | |
| Max Born Max Born (11 December 1882 German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics. Max_Born | |
| Irène Joliot-Curie Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 French scientist, the daughter of Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. This made the Curies the family with most Nobel laureates to date. Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists. Irène_Joliot-Curie | |
| Complex systems This article describes the new science of complexity, which treats complex systems as field of science. For other meanings, see complex system. For Complex Systems journal, see Complex Systems (journal)Complex systems is a scientific field which studies the common properties of systems that are considered fundamentally complex. Complex_systems | |
| Aqua regia Aqua regia or aqua regis (Latin for king's water) is a highly corrosive, fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, usually in a volumetric ratio of 1noble metals gold and platinum, although tantalum, iridium, osmium, titanium and a few other metals are able to withstand it. Aqua_regia | |
| Joseph Stiglitz Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University. He is a recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2001). He is also the former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank. Joseph_Stiglitz |
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