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English Wikipedia references for Independent.co.uk 251-300 of 11511
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| Deaths in 2003 The following is a list of notable deaths in 2003. Names are listed by date of death, not the date it was announced. Names under each date are listed in alphabetical order by family name. A typical entry appears in the following sequence Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference. Deaths_in_2003 | |
| Raised bed gardening Raised bed gardening is a form of gardening in which the soil is formed in 3–4 foot (1.0–1.2 m) wide beds, which can be of any length or shape. The soil is raised above the surrounding soil (6 inches to waist high), sometimes enclosed by a frame generally made of wood, rock, or concrete blocks, and enriched with compost. Raised_bed_gardening | |
| Run-D.M.C. Run-D.M.C. was an influential hip hop group from Hollis, in the Queens borough of New York City. Founded by Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons, Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, and Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell, the group is arguably one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop. They were the biggest act in hip-hop throughout the 1980s and are credited with breaking hip hop into mainstream music. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them number 48 in their list of the greatest musical artists of all time. Run-D.M.C. | |
| Rhodium Rhodium () is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard transition metal and a member of the platinum group. Rhodium is found in platinum ores and is used in alloys with platinum and as a catalyst. It is abbreviated to Rh and has atomic number 45. It is one of the most expensive precious metals. Rhodium | |
| Racism Racism is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. In the case of institutional racism, certain racial groups may be denied rights or benefits, or get preferential treatment, while reverse racism favours members of a historically disadvantaged group at the expense of those of a historically advantaged group. Racism | |
| Race (classification of human beings) The term race or racial group usually refers to the categorization of humans into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of heritable characteristics. The most widely used human racial categories are based on salient traits (especially skin color, cranial or facial features and hair texture), and self-identification. Race_(classification_of_human_beings) | |
| Rammstein Rammstein () is a German metal band from Berlin, Germany, formed in 1994. The band consists of members Till Lindemann (lead vocals), Richard Z. Kruspe (lead guitar and backing vocals), Paul H. Landers (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Oliver "Ollie" Riedel (bass guitar), Christoph "Doom" Schneider (drums and electronic percussion) and Christian "Flake" Lorenz (keyboards). Rammstein | |
| Demographics of Russia The Demographics of Russia is about the demographic features of the population of Russia, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Russia's population is predominantly urban, with 73% of its population of 141,903,979 citizens residing in urban areas. Demographics_of_Russia | |
| Real Irish Republican Army The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA (RIRA) or True IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann (Volunteers of Ireland), is a paramilitary organisation which aims to bring about a united Ireland. The RIRA was formed in 1997 following a split in the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Real_Irish_Republican_Army | |
| Richard Dawkins Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science author. He was formerly Professor for Public Understanding of Science at Oxford and was a fellow of New College, Oxford.Dawkins came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme. Richard_Dawkins | |
| Rubik's Cube Rubik's Cube is a 3-D mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. As of January 2009, 350 million cubes have sold worldwide making it the world's top-selling puzzle game. Rubik's_Cube | |
| René Magritte René François Ghislain Magritte (21 November 1898 Belgian surrealist artist. He became well known for a number of witty and thought-provoking images. His intended goal for his work was to challenge the observer's preconditioned perceptions of reality and force the viewer to become hypersensitive to their surroundings. René_Magritte | |
| Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) (Persian:جمعیت انقلابی زنان افغانستان Jamiyat-e Enqelābi-ye Zanān-e Afghānestān, Pashto:Afghanistan that promotes women's rights and secular democracy. It was founded in Kabul in 1977 by Meena Keshwar Kamal, a student activist who was assassinated on February 4, 1987 for her political activities. Revolutionary_Association_of_the_Women_of_Afghanistan | |
| Railtrack For the generic term, see rail tracks.Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from its formation in April 1994 until 2002. The Company was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but on 3 October 2002, the main operating arm - the owner and operator of the national railway network, Railtrack PLC - was sold by its parent company Railtrack Group plc to "not for dividend" company Network Rail (a company limited by guarantee) and was later renamed Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd. Railtrack | |
| Rupert Murdoch Keith Rupert Murdoch, AC, KCSG (born 11 March, 1931), usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-born American global media mogul. He owns media outlets and is a major shareholder, chairman and managing director of News Corporation (News Corp). Beginning with one newspaper in Adelaide, Murdoch acquired and started other publications in his native Australia before expanding News Corp into the UK, US and Asian media markets. Rupert_Murdoch | |
| Historical revisionism (negationism) For the critical re-examination of historical facts see Historical revisionism.Historical revisionism is either the legitimate scholastic correction of existing knowledge about an historical event, or the illegitimate distortion of the historical record such that certain events appear in a more or less favourable light. For the former, i.e. the academic pursuit, see historical revisionism. This article deals solely with the latter, i.e. the illegitimate kind, which Historical_revisionism_(negationism) | |
| Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Steiner (25 or 27 February 1861 – 30 March 1925), an Austrian philosopher, educator, architect, social thinker, and esotericist, gained initial recognition as a literary critic and cultural philosopher. At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded a new spiritual movement, Anthroposophy, as an esoteric philosophy growing out of European transcendentalist roots with links to Theosophy. Rudolf_Steiner | |
| Robert Nozick Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher, and professor at Harvard University. He was educated at Columbia (A.B. 1959, summa cum laude), where he studied with Sidney Morgenbesser, at Princeton (Ph.D. 1963), and Oxford as a Fulbright Scholar. Robert_Nozick | |
| Radiation therapy Radiation therapy (also radiotherapy or radiation oncology, sometimes abbreviated to XRT) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). Radiation_therapy | |
| Real Madrid C.F. Real_Madrid_C.F. | |
| Sculpture For a topical guide to this subject, see Outline of sculpture.Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or text and or light, commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, glass, or wood. Some sculptures are created directly by finding or carving; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Sculptures are often painted . sculptor. Sculpture | |
| Silvio Berlusconi (born 29 September 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, real estate and insurance tycoon, bank and media proprietor and sports team owner. He is the second longest-serving Prime Minister of the Italian Republic (President of the Council of Ministers of Italy), a position he has held on three separate occasionsPeople of Freedom political movement, a centre-right party he founded in 2009, merging Forza Italia, his own party, with Alleanza Nazionale of Gianfranco Fini. Silvio_Berlusconi | |
| Snooker Snooker is a cue sport that is played on a large baize-covered table with pockets in each of the four corners and in the middle of each of the long side cushions. A regulation (full-size) table is 12cue and snooker ballsSnooker, generally regarded as having been invented in India by British Army officers, is particularly popular in many of the English-speaking and Commonwealth countries, with top professional players attaining multi-million pound career Snooker | |
| Human rights in Sudan Some human rights organizations have documented a variety of abuses and atrocities carried out by the Sudanese government over the past several years. Human_rights_in_Sudan | |
| History of Switzerland Since 1848, the Swiss Confederation has been a federal state of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics. For the time before 1291, this article summarizes events taking place on the territory of modern Switzerland. History_of_Switzerland | |
| Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones and sits at the centre of the densest complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds. Stonehenge | |
| Sergei Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (, , Sergéj Sergéjevič Prokófjef) ( - 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor who mastered numerous musical genres and came to be admired as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. (Alternative transliterations of his name include Sergey or Serge, and Prokofief, Prokofieff, or Prokofyev.) Sergei_Prokofiev | |
| Sleep Sleep is a natural state of bodily rest observed in humans and other animals. It is distinguished from quiet wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, and it is more easily reversible than hibernation or coma. It is common to all mammals and birds, and is also seen in many reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Sleep | |
| Scrabble Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by forming words from individual lettered tiles on a game board marked with a 15-by-15 grid. The words are formed across and down in crossword fashion and must appear in a standard dictionary. Official reference works (e.g. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary) provide a list of permissible words. The Collins Scrabble checker can also be used to check if a word is allowed. Scrabble | |
| South Park South_Park | |
| Responsibility for the September 11 attacks Soon after the September 11 attacks, the Federal Bureau of Investigation was able to identify the 19 hijackers and connect them to al-Qaeda. In a number of video, audio, interview and printed statements, senior members of al-Qaida have also admitted responsibility for organizing the September 11 attacks. Responsibility_for_the_September_11_attacks | |
| Sinn Féin Sinn Féin (, ) is a political party in Ireland. The current party, led by Gerry Adams, was formed following a split in January 1970 and traces its origins back to the original Sinn Féin party formed in 1905. It is a major party of Irish republicanism and its political ideology is left wing. The party has historically been associated with the Provisional IRA. Irish for "ourselves" or "we ourselves", although it is frequently mistranslated as "ourselves alone". Sinn_Féin | |
| Sonic Youth Sonic Youth is an American rock band formed in New York City in 1981. The current lineup consists of Thurston Moore (vocals and guitar), Kim Gordon (vocals, bass, guitar), Lee Ranaldo (vocals and guitar), Mark Ibold (bass) and Steve Shelley (drums).In their early career, Sonic Youth was associated with the No Wave art and music scene in New York City. Sonic_Youth | |
| Stargate (film) Stargate_(film) | |
| Spice Girls The Spice Girls are a English pop girl group formed in 1994. They consist of Victoria Beckham (formerly Adams), Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton, Melanie Chisholm, and Geri Halliwell. They are the best-selling girl group of all time.They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single, "Wannabe", in 1996. The song hit number one in 31 countries and helped establish the group as a "global phenomenon". Spice_Girls | |
| Spike Milligan Terence Alan Patrick Seán Milligan KBE (16 April 1918 Spike Milligan, was an Anglo-Irish comedian, writer, musician, poet and playwright. Milligan was the co-creator and the principal writer of The Goon Show, in which he also performed. Aside from comedy, Milligan played the trumpet, saxophone, piano, guitar and bass drum. Spike_Milligan | |
| Syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The route of transmission of syphilis is almost always through sexual contact, although there are examples of congenital syphilis via transmission from mother to child in utero.The signs and symptoms of syphilis are numerous; before the advent of serological testing, precise diagnosis was very difficult. Syphilis | |
| Soviet submarine K-8 Soviet_submarine_K-8 | |
| Sweeney Todd Sweeney Todd is a character who first appeared as the main antagonist of a penny dreadful serial entitled The String of Pearls (1846-1847). Claims that Sweeney Todd was a real person Sweeney_Todd | |
| Slavic peoples The Slavic Peoples are an ethnic and linguistic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in eastern and central Europe. From the early 6th century they spread from their original homeland (most commonly thought to be in Eastern Europe) to inhabit most of eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Many settled later in Siberia and Central Asia or emigrated to other parts of the world. Over half of Europe is, territorially speaking, inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities Slavic_peoples | |
| Shaul Mofaz ''Israeli politician and former soldier who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Kadima. He formerly served as former Minister of Defense, Minister of Transportation and as the 16th Chief of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. Shaul_Mofaz | |
| Skyscraper skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building. There is no official definition or height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper. Most cities define the term empirically; even a building of may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. Skyscraper | |
| The Big Lebowski The Big Lebowski is a 1998 American comedy film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Jeff Bridges stars as Jeffrey Lebowski, an unemployed Los Angeles slacker and avid bowler, who refers to himself as "the Dude". After being mistaken for a multimillionaire who has the same name, Lebowski is commissioned to deliver a million-dollar ransom in order to secure the release of the millionaire's kidnapped trophy wife. The_Big_Lebowski | |
| The Beatles The Beatles were a rock and pop band from Liverpool, England that formed in 1960. During their career, the group primarily consisted of John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). The_Beatles | |
| Triumph of the Will Triumph of the Will () is a propaganda film made by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. Triumph_of_the_Will | |
| Thorium Thorium () is a chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It is a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive metal, which has been successfully used as an alternative nuclear fuel to uranium in the molten-salt reactor experiment for several years. Thorium is abundant on Earth and this type of reactor can be built to operate significantly cleaner than uranium based powerplants as the waste products are much easier to handle. Thorium | |
| Sex Pistols The Sex Pistols are an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. The Sex Pistols are responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Although their initial career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music. Sex_Pistols | |
| Techno Techno is a form of electronic dance music (EDM) that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s. The first recorded use of the word techno, in reference to a genre of music, was in 1988. Many styles of techno now exist, but Detroit techno is seen as the foundation upon which a number of subgenres have been built.The initial take on techno arose from the melding of Eurocentric synthesizer-based music with various African American styles such as Chicago house, funk, electro, and electric jazz. Techno | |
| Tom Stoppard Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE, FRSL (born 3 July 1937) is a British playwright. He has written plays such as The Coast of Utopia, Arcadia, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead, and Rock 'n' Roll. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil and Shakespeare in Love. Tom_Stoppard | |
| Terry Gilliam Terrence Vance Gilliam (born 22 November 1940) is an American-born British writer, filmmaker, animator and member of the Monty Python comedy troupe. Gilliam is also known for directing several well-regarded films including Brazil (1985), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998).He is the only "Python" not born in Britain, but gained British citizenship in 1968. Terry_Gilliam |
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