| Mumps Mumps or epidemic parotitis is a viral disease of the human species, caused by the mumps virus. Prior to the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide, and is still a significant threat to health in the third world.Painful swelling of the salivary glands (classically the parotid gland) is the most typical presentation. Mumps
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| Ascaris lumbricoides Ascaris lumbricoides is the member of the Ascaris family responsible for the disease ascariasis.It can reach a length of up to 35 Ascaris_lumbricoides
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| Public domain resources Wikipedia:Public_domain_resources
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| Excavation (archaeology) archaeological excavation has a double meaning. Excavation is best known and most commonly used within the science of archaeology. In this sense it is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. The term is also used for an example of the application of the technique to the study of a given site. Excavation_(archaeology)
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| Cyclopentadiene Cyclopentadiene is a chemical compound with the formula C5H6. This colorless liquid organic chemical has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels-Alder reaction. Cyclopentadiene
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| Smallpox vaccine The smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine to be developed. The process of vaccination was discovered by Edward Jenner in 1796, who acted upon his observation that milkmaids who caught the cowpox virus did not catch smallpox. Prior to wide-spread vaccination, mortality rates in individuals with smallpox were high—up to 35% in some cases. Smallpox_vaccine
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| Promiscuity Talk:Promiscuity
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| Echinococcosis Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, hydatid cyst, unilocular hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis, is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that can affect many animals, including wildlife, commercial livestock and humans. The disease results from infection by tapeworm larvae of the genus Echinococcus - notably E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus. Echinococcosis
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| Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium. It is not seen on a Gram stained smear because the organism is too thin. Treponema_pallidum
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| Georges-Pierre Seurat Georges-Pierre Seurat (2 December 1859French painter and draftsman. His large work A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-1886), his most famous painting, altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-impressionism, and is one of the icons of 19th century painting. Georges-Pierre_Seurat
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| Martha's Vineyard Martha's Vineyard (including the smaller Chappaquiddick Island) is an island off the United States east coast, to the south of Cape Cod, both forming a part of the Outer Lands region. It is often called just "the Vineyard". With a land area of 87.48 square miles (231.7557th largest island in the United States and third largest on the eastern seaboard. Martha's_Vineyard
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| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, a pair of two commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways become narrowed. This leads to a limitation of the flow of air to and from the lungs causing shortness of breath. In contrast to asthma, the limitation of airflow is poorly reversible and usually gets progressively worse over time. Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
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| Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is an incurable and sometimes fatal flu-like neurological condition that is believed to have been caused by ingestion of poorly produced L-tryptophan supplements. Similar to regular eosinophilia, it causes an increase in eosinophil granulocytes in the patient's blood. Eosinophilia-myalgia_syndrome
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| Campylobacter The genus Campylobacter, (meaning 'twisted bacteria') first discovered in 1963, describes Gram-negative, spiral, microaerophilic bacteria. Motile, with either uni- or bi-polar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance (see photo) and are oxidase-positive. Campylobacter
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| Peptic ulcer A peptic ulcer, also known as ulcus pepticum, PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an ulcer (defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. As many as 80% of ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach, however only 20% of those cases go to a doctor. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs. Peptic_ulcer
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| Formaldehyde Formaldehyde (IUPAC name methanal) is a chemical compound with the formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde. Formaldehyde also exists as the cyclic trimer trioxane and the polymer paraformaldehyde. It exists in water as the hydrate H2C(OH)2. Aqueous solutions of formaldehyde are referred to as formalin. Formaldehyde
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| Biosafety level biosafety level is the level of the biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed facility. The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level 1 to the highest at level 4. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have specified these levels. In the European Union, the same biosafety levels are defined in a directive. Biosafety_level
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| Biosafety level Talk:Biosafety_level
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| Junk food Junk food is an informal term applied to some foods which are perceived to have little or no nutritional value, or to products with nutritional value but which also have ingredients considered unhealthy when regularly eaten, or to those considered unhealthy to consume at all. The term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. Junk_food
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| Acetonitrile Acetonitrile (ACN) is the chemical compound with formula CH3CN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is widely used as a polar aprotic solvent in synthetic chemistry, and as a medium-polarity solvent in HPLC. Acetonitrile
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| Pit Bull Pit Bull is a term commonly used to describe several breeds of dog in the Molosser family. The breeds most often placed in this category are the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.In the media the term is vague and may include other breeds with similar physical characteristics, such as the Perro de Presa Canario, Cane Corso, Dogo Argentino, Alano Espanol, Japanese Tosa, Dogue de Bordeaux, Cordoba Fighting Dog, Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog, American Bulldog, Boxer, Valley Bulldog, Pit_Bull
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| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD or ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder. It is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children affecting about 3 to 5% of children globally with symptoms starting before seven years of age. Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
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| Tahiti Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. The island had a population of 178,133 inhabitants according to the August 2007 census. Tahiti
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| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Talk:Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
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| Infant formula Infant formula is an artificial substitute for human breast milk, intended for infant consumption. The first preparations for the feeding of infants were produced commercially in 1867 by Justus von Liebig. Today, most infant formulas are based on either cow milk or soy milk. Infant_formula
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| Sudden infant death syndrome Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a syndrome marked by the sudden death of an infant that is unexpected by history and remains unexplained after a thorough forensic autopsy and a detailed death scene investigation. The term cot death is often used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, India, and New Zealand. Sudden_infant_death_syndrome
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| Antiseptic Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive") are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by their ability to be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects. Antiseptic
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| Borax Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. It is usually a white powder consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water. Borax
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| Formic acid Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. Its formula is HCOOH or CH2O2. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in the venom of bee and ant stings.In nature, it is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera, mainly ants and is also present in stinging nettles.combustion product resulting from alternative fueled vehicles burning methanol (and ethanol, if contaminated with water) when mixed with gasoline. Formic_acid
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| Osmium tetroxide Osmium tetroxide is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4. The compound is noteworthy for its many uses, despite the rarity of osmium. It also has a number of interesting properties, one being that the solid is volatile. Osmium_tetroxide
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| Sarin Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations in UN Resolution 687. Production and stockpiling of sarin was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Sarin
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| Epidemic In epidemiology, an epidemic (from Greek epi- upon + demos people) occurs when new cases of a certain disease occur in a given human population, during a given period, substantially exceed what is "expected," based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during a specified period of time is called the "incidence rate"). Epidemic
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| Hot spring hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There are hot springs all over the earth, on every continent and even under the oceans and seas. Hot_spring
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| Bausch & Lomb Bausch & Lomb is an American company based in Rochester, New York, is one of the world's leading suppliers of eye health products, such as contact lenses and lens care products today. In addition to this main activity, in recent years the area of medical technology (medicines, implants for eye diseases) has been developed. Bausch_&_Lomb
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| Legionellosis/Archive 1 Talk:Legionellosis/Archive_1
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| Logging Logging is the process in which certain trees are cut down for forest management and timber.In forestry the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard. Logging
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| HFE hereditary hemochromatosis Hemochromatosis type 1 (or HFE hereditary hemochromatosis, or HFE-related hereditary haemochromatosis) is a hereditary disease characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores. Humans, like most animals, have no means to excrete excess iron. HFE_hereditary_hemochromatosis
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| Creosote Creosote is the name used for a variety of products including wood creosote and coal tar creosote. Wood creosote is created by high temperature treatment of beech and other woods, or from the resin of the Creosote bush.The term creosote, however, is most commonly used to refer to coal tar creosote. Coal tar creosote is an EPA-registered wood preservative. It is distilled from crude coke oven tar, and is mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but also contains phenols and cresols. Creosote
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| MMR vaccine MMR vaccine is a mixture of three live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella (also called German measles). It is generally administered to children around the age of one year, with a second dose before starting school (i.e. age 4/5). The second dose is not a booster; it is a dose to produce immunity in the small number of persons (2–5%) who fail to develop measles immunity after the first dose. MMR_vaccine
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| Heart disease Heart disease or cardiopathy is an umbrella term for a variety for different diseases affecting the heart. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States, England, Canada and Wales, killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone. Heart_disease
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| Vasectomy Vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure wherein the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied or sealed in a manner such to prevent sperm from entering the seminal stream (ejaculate). Vasectomy
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| Demographics of the United States demographic features of the population of the United States, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, and religious affiliation.As of February 2009, the United States has a total resident population of 306 million. It is a very urbanized nation, with 81% of the population residing in cities and suburbs as of mid-2005 (the worldwide urban rate was 49%). Demographics_of_the_United_States
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| Pneumonic plague Pneumonic plague is the most virulent and least common form of plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Typically, pneumonic form is due to a secondary spread from advanced infection of an initial bubonic form. Primary pneumonic plague results from inhalation of aerosolized infective droplets and can be transmitted from human to human without involvement of fleas or animals. Untreated pneumonic plague has a very high case-fatality ratio. Pneumonic_plague
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| Hepatitis C Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but once established, chronic infection can progress to scarring of the liver (fibrosis), and advanced scarring (cirrhosis) which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure or other complications of cirrhosis, including liver cancer. Hepatitis_C
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| Incubation period Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. The period may be as short as minutes to as long as thirty years in the case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. While Latent or Latency period may be synonymous, Incubation period, the period between infection and clinical onset of the disease, and Latent period, the time from infection to infectiousness. Which is shorter depends on the disease. Incubation_period
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| Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus (from the Greek cyto-, "cell", and -megalo-, "large") is a herpes viral genus of the Herpesviruses groupHuman Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). CMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of Herpesviridae, which also includes Roseolovirus. Other herpesviruses fall into the subfamilies of Alphaherpesvirinae (including HSV 1 and 2 and varicella) or Gammaherpesvirinae (including Epstein-Barr virus). Cytomegalovirus
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| Sexually transmitted disease/Archive 1 Talk:Sexually_transmitted_disease/Archive_1
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| Tobacco smoking Tobacco smoking is the practice where tobacco is burned and the vapors either tasted or inhaled. The practice began as early as 5000-3000 BC. Tobacco_smoking
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| Tobacco smoking Talk:Tobacco_smoking
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| Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite infects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the felid (cat) family. Animals are infected by eating infected meat, by ingestion of feces of a cat that has itself recently been infected, or by transmission from mother to fetus. Cats have been shown as a major reservoir of this infection. Toxoplasmosis
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