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English Wikipedia references for Ac.ru 101-120 of 323
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| Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is the minimal extension to the Standard Model that realizes supersymmetry, although non-minimal extensions do exist. Supersymmetry pairs bosons with fermions, therefore every Standard Model particle has a partner that has yet to be discovered. Minimal_Supersymmetric_Standard_Model | |
| Cyclic model A cyclic model is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, self-sustaining cycles (for exampleeternity of Big Bang-Big crunches). Cyclic_model | |
| Gravitational collapse Gravitational collapse in astronomy is the inward fall of a massive body under the influence of the force of gravity. It occurs when all other forces fail to supply a sufficiently high pressure to counterbalance gravity and keep the massive body in hydrostatic equilibrium. Gravitational_collapse | |
| Secant method f and its derivative at every step, while the secant method only requires the evaluation of f. Therefore, the secant method may well be faster in practice. For instance, if we assume that evaluating f takes as much time as evaluating its derivative and we neglect all other costs, we can do two steps of the secant method (decreasing the logarithm of the error by a factor α² ≈ 2.6) for the same cost as one step of Newton's method (decreasing the logarithm of the error by a factor 2), so the secant method is faster. Secant_method | |
| Juan Martín Maldacena Juan Martín Maldacena (born September 10, 1968) is a theoretical physicist born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Among his many discoveries, the most famous one is the most reliable realization of the holographic principle - namely the AdS/CFT correspondence, the conjecture about the equivalence of string theory or supergravity on Anti de Sitter (AdS) space, and a conformal field theory defined on the boundary of the AdS space. Juan_Martín_Maldacena | |
| AdS/CFT correspondence J omega^{Delta-d+k} = J_{4D} ightThe left hand side is the vacuum expectation value of the time-ordered exponential of the operators over the conformal field theory. The right hand side is the quantum gravity generating functional with the given conformal boundary condition. The right hand side is evaluated by finding the classical solutions to the effective action subject to the given boundary conditions. AdS/CFT_correspondence | |
| Spin foam physics, a spin foam is a topological structure made out of two-dimensional faces that represents one of the configurations that must be summed to obtain a Feynman's path integral (functional integration) description of quantum gravity. It is closely related to loop quantum gravity. Spin_foam | |
| Tachyon condensation In physics, tachyon condensation is a process in which a tachyonic field—scalar field—complex mass acquires a vacuum expectation value and reaches the minimum of the potential energy. While the field is tachyonic (and unstable) near the original pointThe appearance of tachyons is a potentially lethal problem for any theory; examples of tachyonic fields amenable to condensation are all cases of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Tachyon_condensation | |
| Cumrun Vafa Cumrun Vafa کامران وفا ( in Persian; born 1960 in Tehran) is an Iranian-American leading string theorist from Harvard University where he started as a Harvard Junior Fellow. He is a recipient of the 2008 Dirac Medal. Cumrun_Vafa | |
| Bisection method the entire length of the interval.These formulas can be used to find the number of iterations that the bisection method needs to converge to a root within a certain tolerance. For instance, using the second formula for the error, the number of iterations n has to satisfy Bisection_method | |
| Variable number tandem repeat Variable Number Tandem Repeats (or VNTR) is a location in a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length between individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele, allowing them to be used for personal or parental identification. Their analysis is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting. Variable_number_tandem_repeat | |
| Quantum Zeno effect quantum Zeno effect is a name coined by George Sudarshan and Baidyanath Misra of the University of Texas in 1977 in their analysis of the situation in which an unstable particle, if observed continuously, will never decay. One can nearly ”freeze” the evolution of the system by measuring it frequently enough in its (known) initial state. Quantum_Zeno_effect | |
| Rankine cycle Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle which converts heat into work. The heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water as the working fluid. This cycle generates about 80% of all electric power used throughout the world., including virtually all solar thermal, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants. It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath. Rankine_cycle | |
| BRST formalism BRST_formalism | |
| Quasinormal mode Quasinormal_mode | |
| Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics Landau_Institute_for_Theoretical_Physics | |
| Quantum circuit In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation in which a computation is a sequence of reversible transformations on a quantum mechanical analog of an n bit register. This analogous structure is referred to as an n-qubit register. Quantum_circuit | |
| Self-organized criticality physics, self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of (classes of) dynamical systems which have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behaviour thus displays the spatial and/or temporal scale-invariance characteristic of the critical point of a phase transition, but without the need to tune control parameters to precise values.The concept was put forward by Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld ("BTW") in a paper published in 1987 in Physical Review Letters, and is considered to be one of the mechanisms by which complexity arises in nature. Self-organized_criticality | |
| Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro () (30 Mar 1929 analytic number theory, group representations and algebraic geometry. His main contribution and impact was in the area of automorphic forms and L-functions. Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro was the recipient of numerous prizes. He was elected to the Israel Academy of Sciences in 1978, received the Israel Prize inWolf Prize in 1990. He was invited to address the quadrennial International Mathematical Congress Ilya_Piatetski-Shapiro | |
| Noncommutative quantum field theory physics, noncommutative quantum field theory (or quantum field theory on noncommutative space-time) is a branch of quantum field theory born from noncommutative geometry and Index theory in which the spatial coordinates do not commute. One (commonly studied) version of such theories has the "canonical" commutation relationwhich means that (with any given set of axes), it is impossible to accurately measure the position of a particle with respect to more than one axis. Noncommutative_quantum_field_theory |
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