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English Wikipedia references for Ox.ac.uk 151-200 of 4075
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| Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, and philosopher known for his wit, philosophical sport and defence of civil liberties, including both freedom of religion and free trade.Voltaire was a prolific writer and produced works in almost every literary form, authoring plays, poetry, novels, essays, historical and scientific works, more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire | |
| Vitamin C Vitamin C or L-ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient for humans, a large number of higher primate species, a small number of other mammalian species (notably guinea pigs and bats), a few species of birds, and some fish.Ascorbate (an ion of ascorbic acid) is required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. Vitamin_C | |
| VAX Talk:VAX | |
| Welsh language Welsh (''), is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh border and in the Welsh immigrant colony in the Chubut Valley in Argentine Patagonia.There are speakers of Welsh throughout the world, most notably in the rest of Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Welsh_language | |
| Zinc Zinc (, from and also known as spelter) is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a first-row transition metal in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is chemically similar to magnesium because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zinc | |
| Z notation Z notation (formally ), named after Zermelo-Fränkel set theory, is a formal specification language used for describing and modeling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification of computer programs and the formulation of proofs about the intended program behavior. Z_notation | |
| 1948 Arab–Israeli War 1948_Arab–Israeli_War | |
| Magnetic field A magnetic field is a vector field which surrounds magnets and electric currents, and is detected by the force it exerts on moving electric charges and on magnetic materials. When placed in a magnetic field, magnetic dipoles tend to align their axes parallel to the magnetic field. Magnetic fields also have their own energy with an energy density proportional to the square of the field intensity. Magnetic_field | |
| Rotaxane A rotaxane is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture consisting of a "dumbbell shaped molecule" which is threaded through a "macrocycle" (see graphical representation). The name is derived from the Latin for wheel (rota) and axle (axis). The two components of a rotaxane are kinetically trapped since the ends of the dumbbell (often called stoppers) are larger than the internal diameter of the ring and prevent disassociation (unthreading) of the components since this would require significant distortion of the covalent bonds. Rotaxane | |
| Global warming controversy Talk:Global_warming_controversy | |
| Philip Pullman Philip Pullman CBE (born 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of His Dark Materials (a trilogy of fantasy novels), and a number of other books. Philip_Pullman | |
| William Tyndale William_Tyndale | |
| Kidderminster Kidderminster is a town in the Wyre Forest district of Worcestershire, England. It is located approximately seventeen miles south-west of Birmingham city centre. The 2001 census recorded a population of 55,182 in the town. The town is twinned with the town of Husum, Germany.The town centre area has undergone substantial redevelopment in recent years, with the commercial retail area of 'Weaver's Wharf' attracting many visitors and shoppers. Kidderminster | |
| Robert Graves For the rugby footballer and coach of the same name, see Robert Graves (rugby)Robert Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 English poet, translator and novelist. During his long life, he produced more than 140 works. He was the son of the Anglo-Irish writer Alfred Perceval Graves and Amalie von Ranke, a niece of the famous German historian Leopold von Ranke. He was the brother of the author Charles Patrick Graves and half-brother of Philip Graves. Robert_Graves | |
| C. A. R. Hoare Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (born 11 January 1934), commonly known as Tony Hoare or C.A.R. Hoare, is a British computer scientist, probably best known for the development in 1960, at age 26, of Quicksort, one of the world's most widely used sorting algorithms. C._A._R._Hoare | |
| Edmund Rich Edmund Rich (also known as Saint Edmund or Eadmund of Canterbury, and as Saint Edmund of Abingdon) (1175 Archbishop of Canterbury in England. Edmund_Rich | |
| Bath, Somerset Bath () is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. Bath,_Somerset | |
| Greeks Greeks | |
| Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium ferrocyanide, also known as yellow prussiate of potash or potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), is a coordination compound of formula K4[6]2O, which forms lemon-yellow monoclinic crystals at room temperature, and which decomposes at its boiling point. Potassium_ferrocyanide | |
| Acupressure Acupressure (a blend of "acupuncture" and "pressure") is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technique derived from acupuncture. In acupressure physical pressure is applied to acupuncture points by the hand, elbow, or with various devices. Reviews of acupressure clinical trials have been conducted by the Cochrane Collaboration and Bandolier according to the protocols of evidence-based medicine; for most conditions they have concluded a lack of effectiveness or lack of well-conducted clinical trials. Acupressure | |
| Infinite monkey theorem The infinite monkey theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type a given text, such as the complete works of William Shakespeare. In this context, "almost surely" is a mathematical term with a precise meaning, and the "monkey" is not an actual monkey; rather, it is a metaphor for an abstract device that produces a random sequence of letters ad infinitum. Infinite_monkey_theorem | |
| Eridu Eridu (URUNUN.KI ; Sumerian:Akkadian:?), from the Sumerian for 'mighty place', is modern Tell Abu Shahrain, Iraq. Eridu was the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia, founded c 5400 BCE. Located seven miles (12 km) southwest of Ur, Eridu was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew about temples, almost in sight of one another. In Sumerian mythology, Eridu was founded by the Sumerian deity Enki, later known by the Akkadians as Ea. Eridu | |
| Shor's algorithm Talk:Shor's_algorithm | |
| T. E. Lawrence Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence CB, DSO (16 August 1888 T. E. Lawrence, was a British officer renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt of 1916Lawrence of Arabia, a title popularised by the 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia based on his life. Lawrence's public image was due in part to American journalist Lowell Thomas's sensationalised reportage of the Revolt, as well as to Lawrence's autobiographical account, Seven Pillars of Wisdom. T._E._Lawrence | |
| Georg Forster Johann Georg Adam Forster (November 27 1754 – January 10 1794) was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist, and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father on several scientific expeditions, including James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific. Georg_Forster | |
| Condorcet method A Condorcet method is any single-winner election method that meets the Condorcet criterion, that is, which always selects the Condorcet winner, the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election, if such a candidate exists. In modern examples, voters rank candidates in order of preference. There are then multiple, slightly differing methods for calculating the winner, due to the need to resolve circular ambiguities—Kemeny-Young method, Ranked Pairs, and the Schulze method. Condorcet_method | |
| Likelihood function In statistics, the likelihood function (often simply the likelihood) is a function of the parameters of a statistical model that plays a key role in statistical inference. In non-technical usage, "likelihood" is a synonym for "probability", but throughout this article only the technical definition is used. Informally, if "probability" allows us to predict unknown outcomes based on known parameters, then "likelihood" allows us to estimate unknown parameters based on known outcomes. Likelihood_function | |
| Systems analysis Systems analysis is the interdisciplinary part of Science, dealing with analysis of sets of interacting entities, the systems, often prior to their automation as computer systems, and the interactions within those systems. This field is closely related to operations research. It is also "an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help someone, referred to as the decision maker, identify a better course of action and make a better decision than he might otherwise have made." Systems_analysis | |
| The Wind in the Willows The Wind in the Willows is a classic of children's literature by Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908. Alternately slow moving and fast paced, it focuses on four anthropomorphised animal characters in a pastoral version of England. The novel is notable for its mixture of mysticism, adventure, morality, and camaraderie.The Wind in the Willows was in its thirty-first printing when then-famous playwright, A. A. Milne, who loved it, adapted a part of it for stage as Toad of Toad Hall in 1929. The_Wind_in_the_Willows | |
| Refugee A refugee is a person who flees to escape conflict, persecution or natural disaster. Owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country. Refugee | |
| Pink noise Pink noise or 1/ƒ noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density is proportional to the reciprocal of the frequency. For pink noise, each octave carries an equal amount of noise power. The name arises from being intermediate between white noise (1/ƒ0) and red noise (1/ƒ2, more commonly known as Brownian noise).Within the scientific literature the term 1/ƒ noise is used a little more loosely to refer to any noise with a power spectral density of the form Pink_noise | |
| Philosophy of mathematics/Archive 2 Talk:Philosophy_of_mathematics/Archive_2 | |
| Wilfred Owen Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 English and Welsh poet and soldier, regarded by many as one of the leading poets of the First World War. His shocking, realistic war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was heavily influenced by his friend Siegfried Sassoon and sat in stark contrast to both the public perception of war at the time, and to the confidently patriotic verse written earlier by war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Wilfred_Owen | |
| Edward Thomas (poet) Philip Edward Thomas (3 March 1878 – 9 April 1917) was an Anglo-Welsh poet and journalist. He is commonly considered a war poet, although few of his poems deal directly with his war experiences. An accomplished writer, Thomas only turned to poetry under the stress of whether or not to enlist in the army to fight in World War I during the autumn of 1914.Thomas enlisted in the army in 1915, and was killed in action during the Battle of Arras in 1917, soon after he arrived in France. Edward_Thomas_(poet) | |
| Czech literature Czech literature is the literature of the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and the Czech-speaking part of Silesia, (now part of the Czech Republic, formerly of Czechoslovakia). This most often means literature written by Czechs, in the Czech language, although Old Church Slavonic, Latin, and German were also used, mostly in the early periods. Czech_literature | |
| Instruction set An instruction set is a list of all the instructions, and all their variations, that a processor (or in the case of a virtual machine, an interpreter) can execute.Instructions include Arithmetic such as add and subtract Logic instructions such as and, or, and not Data instructions such as move, input, output, load, and store Control flow instructions such as goto, if ... goto, call, and return. Instruction_set | |
| Joseph of Arimathea Joseph of Arimathea was, according to the Gospels, the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after Jesus' Crucifixion. A native of Arimathea, he was apparently a man of wealth, and probably a member of the Sanhedrin, which is the way bouleutēs, literally "counsellor", in and is most often interpreted. Joseph_of_Arimathea | |
| Andrew Marvell Andrew Marvell (31 March 1621 English metaphysical poet, Parliamentarian, and the son of a Church of England clergyman (also named Andrew Marvell). As a metaphysical poet, he is associated with John Donne and George Herbert. He was a colleague and friend of John Milton.Marvell was born in Winestead-in-Holderness, East Riding of Yorkshire, near the city of Kingston upon Hull. Andrew_Marvell | |
| Butterfly butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. Most species are day-flying so they regularly attract attention. The diverse patterns formed by their brightly coloured wings and their erratic yet graceful flight have made butterfly watching a hobby. Butterfly | |
| Chinese American Chinese Americans () are Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of Overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Within this community, the term Chinese American is often broadly defined to include not only immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau and their descendants but also immigrants and descendants of people from Taiwan and overseas Chinese people who have immigrated to the United States from places as diverse as Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Mexico. Chinese_American | |
| Robert Hooke Robert Hooke, FRS (18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher and polymath who played an important role in the scientific revolution, through both experimental and theoretical work.Hooke is known principally for his law of elasticity (Hooke's Law). Robert_Hooke | |
| Sumer Sumer (Sumerian:'Akkadian:Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar) was a civilization and a historical region located in Southern Iraq (Mesopotamia), known as the Cradle of civilization. It lasted from the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period (late 6th millennium BC) through the Uruk period (4th millennium BC) and the Dynastic periods (3rd millennium BC) until the rise of Babylon in the early 2nd millennium BC. The term "Sumerian" applies to all speakers of the Sumerian language. Sumer | |
| Augustus Pitt Rivers Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers (14 April, 1827 – 4 May, 1900) was an English army officer, ethnologist, and archaeologist. He was noted for his innovations in archaeological methods, and in the museum display of archaeological and ethnological collections.Born Augustus Henry Lane Fox at Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Wetherby, Yorkshire on 14 April 1827, he was the son of William Lane Fox and Lady Caroline Douglas, a sister of George Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton. Augustus_Pitt_Rivers | |
| Seamus Heaney Seamus Heaney () (born 13 April 1939 ) is an Irish poet, writer and lecturer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995. He currently lives in Dublin. Seamus_Heaney | |
| Cinnabar Cinnabar, sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermillion, the common ore of mercury. The name comes from the Greek - "kinnabari" - used by Theophrastus, and was probably applied to several distinct substances. Other sources say the word comes from the Persian zinjifrah, a word of uncertain origin. In Latin it was sometimes known as minium, meaning also "red lead", though both of these terms now refer uniquely to lead tetroxide. Cinnabar | |
| Somerville College, Oxford Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and was one of the first women's colleges to be founded there. As of 2006, Somerville had an estimated financial endowment of £44.5 million. Somerville_College,_Oxford | |
| Biophysics Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that employs and develops theories and methods of the physical sciences for the investigation of biological systems. Studies included under the umbrella of biophysics span all levels of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, nanotechnology, bioengineering, agrophysics and systems biology. Biophysics | |
| Inductive logic programming Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a subfield of machine learning which uses logic programming as a uniform representation for examples, background knowledge and hypotheses. Given an encoding of the known background knowledge and a set of examples represented as a logical database of facts, an ILP system will derive a hypothesised logic program which entails all the positive and none of the negative examples. Inductive_logic_programming | |
| Peak District The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, lying mainly in northern Derbyshire, but also covering parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, and South and West Yorkshire.Most of the area falls within the Peak District National Park, whose designation in 1951 made it the earliest national park in the British Isles. Peak_District | |
| Chinese American Talk:Chinese_American |
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