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English Wikipedia references for Apa.org 101-150 of 773
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| Forgiveness Forgiveness is typically defined as the process of concluding resentment, indignation or anger as a result of a perceived offense, difference or mistake, and ceasing to demand punishment or restitution. The Oxford English Dictionary defines forgiveness as 'to grant free pardon and to give up all claim on account of an offence or debt'. Forgiveness | |
| Child sexuality Child sexuality is the sexual feelings, behaviors, and development of children. Child_sexuality | |
| Substance abuse Although the term substance can refer to any physical matter, Substance abuse has come to refer to the overindulgence in and dependence of a drug or other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical and mental health, or the welfare of others. Substance_abuse | |
| Homosexuality and psychology Psychology was one of the first disciplines to study homosexuality as a discrete phenomenon. In the late 19th and throughout most of the 20th centuries, pathological models of homosexuality were standard. On December 15, 1973, the American Psychiatric Association, removed homosexuality from its official list of mental disorders. The American Psychological Association Council of Representatives adopted the same measure on January 24-26, 1975. Homosexuality_and_psychology | |
| List of topics characterized as pseudoscience list of topics characterized as pseudoscience by organizations within the international scientific community, by notable skeptical organizations, or by notable academics or researchers. Besides explicitly using the word "pseudoscience", some may also have used synonyms that help to explain why they consider a topic to be pseudoscientific. List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience | |
| Psychotherapy Talk:Psychotherapy | |
| Facilitated communication Facilitated communication (FC) is a process by which a facilitator supports the hand or arm of a communicatively impaired individual while using a keyboard or other devices with the aim of helping the individual to develop pointing skills and to communicate. Facilitated_communication | |
| Blind experiment The blind method is a part of the scientific method, used to prevent research outcomes from being influenced by either the placebo effect or the observer bias. To blind a person involved in research (whether a researcher, subject, funder, or other person) is to prevent them from knowing certain information about the process. Blind_experiment | |
| Sexual identity Talk:Sexual_identity | |
| Ex-gay Ex-gay is a term and concept used to describe persons who once identified as gay or lesbian (or any orientation other than heterosexual), but have since chosen to identify as heterosexual, or some other sexual orientation. Some ex-gays enter into opposite-sex relationships, while others remain celibate. While "ex-gays" may report a reduction in same-sex desires, they may also continue to experience same-sex attraction even though they do not identify as "gay". Ex-gay | |
| Ex-gay Talk:Ex-gay | |
| Tritone paradox tritone paradox is an auditory illusion in which a sequentially played pair of Shepard tones separated by an interval of a tritone, or half octave, is heard as ascending by some people and as descending by others. Different populations tend to favor one of a limited set of different spots around the chromatic circle as central to the set of "higher" tones. The tritone paradox was first reported by psychology of music researcher Diana Deutsch in 1986. Tritone_paradox | |
| Requests for comment/BuddhaInside Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/BuddhaInside | |
| Humanistic psychology Humanistic psychology is a school of psychology that emerged in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It is explicitly concerned with the human dimension of psychology and the human context for the development of psychological theory. Humanistic_psychology | |
| Applied psychology The basic premise of applied psychology is the use of psychological principles and theories to overcome problems in other areas, such as mental health, business management, education, health, product design, ergonomics, and law. Applied psychology includes the areas of clinical psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, occupational health psychology, human factors, forensic psychology, engineering psychology, as well as many other areas such as school psychology, sports psychology and community psychology. Applied_psychology | |
| Cetacean intelligence Cetacean intelligence denotes the cognitive capabilities of the cetacean order of mammals and especially the various species of dolphin. Cetaceans include whales, porpoises, and dolphins, and while all are broadly considered intelligent, dolphins have generated the most attention as their capabilities appear to be of a different order than that of their relatives, who, it should be noted, are much less observed, and thus, more difficult to study. Cetacean_intelligence | |
| Graduate school graduate school (or grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees, such as doctoral degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution. Graduate_school | |
| Primal therapy Primal therapy is a trauma-based psychotherapy created by Arthur Janov, who claimed neurosis is caused by the repressed pain of childhood trauma. Janov believed the pain could be brought to conscious awareness and resolved through re-experiencing the incident and fully expressing the resulting pain during therapy. Primal_therapy | |
| Flynn effect Talk:Flynn_effect | |
| APA style American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely accepted style of documentation, particularly in the social sciences. APA style specifies the names and order of headings, formatting, and organization of citations and references, and the arrangement of tables, figures, footnotes, and appendices, as well as other manuscript and documentation features. APA_style | |
| Fathers' rights movement The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children. Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mother - either after divorce or as unwed fathers. Women, including the second wives, girlfriends or close relatives of these fathers, are also members of the fathers' rights movement. Fathers'_rights_movement | |
| Daryl Bem Daryl J. Bem is a social psychologist at Cornell University, and the originator of the self-perception theory of attitude change. He has also carried out research on psi phenomena (a technical term for "E.S.P."), group decision making, handwriting analysis, sexual orientation and personality theory and assessment. Daryl_Bem | |
| Societal attitudes toward homosexuality Societal attitudes towards homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general. All cultures have their own values regarding appropriate and inappropriate sexuality; some sanction same-sex love and sexuality, while others disapprove of such activities. Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality | |
| Education in Japan Education_in_Japan | |
| Crank (person) "Crank" is a pejorative term for a person who holds a belief that a vast majority of their contemporaries consider false. A "cranky" belief is so wildly at variance with commonly accepted truth as to be ludicrous, and arguing with cranks is useless, because they will invariably dismiss all evidence or arguments which contradict their unconventional beliefs.Common synonyms for "crank" include kook and crackpot. Crank_(person) | |
| Penile plethysmograph The penile plethysmograph (PPG) is a controversial type of plethysmograph that measures changes in blood flow in the penis. Cavernous nerve penile plethysmographs measure changes in response to inter-operative electric stimulation during surgery.For sexual offenders it is typically used to determine the level of sexual arousal as the subject is exposed to sexually suggestive content, such as pictures, movies or audio . Penile_plethysmograph | |
| Panic disorder Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurring severe panic attacks. It may also include significant behavioral change lasting at least a month and of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. The latter are called anticipatory attacks (DSM-IVR). Panic disorder is not the same as agoraphobia, although many with panic disorder also suffer from agoraphobia. Panic_disorder | |
| Item response theory psychometrics, item response theory (IRTlatent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a body of theory describing the application of mathematical models to data from questionnaires and tests as a basis for measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is used for statistical analysis and development of assessments, often for high stakes tests such as the Graduate Record Examination. Item_response_theory | |
| Aversion therapy Aversion therapy is a form of psychiatric, mental health or psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations in order to stop the specific behavior.Aversion therapies can take many forms, for examplefingernails to discourage nail-chewing; pairing the use of an emetic with the experience of alcohol; or pairing behavior with electric shocks of various intensities. Aversion_therapy | |
| Anger management The term Anger management commonly refers to a system of psychological therapeutic techniques and exercises by which someone with excessive or uncontrollable anger can control or reduce the triggers, degrees, and effects of an angered emotional state.One technique for controlling anger is finding agreement with another person rather than a conflict. In some countries, courses in anger management may be mandated by their legal system. Anger_management | |
| Human subject research Human subject research (HSR), or human subject use (HSU) involves the use of human beings as research subjects. It is an important part of medical research, and many people volunteer for clinical trials of medical treatments. People also volunteer to be subjects for experiments in basic medical science and biology, as well as social and behavioral (psychological) research.There are many examples throughout history of human research subjects being treated unethically, and there are therefore many requirements, guidelines, and procedures in place today to ensure similar events are not repeated. Human_subject_research | |
| National Institute of Mental Health The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is part of the federal government of the United States and the largest research organization in the world specializing in mental illness. It is one of the 27 component organizations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is in turn part of the U.S. National_Institute_of_Mental_Health | |
| Assessment Educational assessment is the process of documenting, usually in measurable terms, knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community (class, workshop, or other organized group of learners), the institution, or the educational system as a whole. Assessment | |
| School psychology School Psychology is a field that applies principles of clinical psychology and educational psychology to the diagnosis and treatment of children's and adolescents' behavioral and learning problems. School psychologists are educated in psychology, child and adolescent development, child and adolescent psychopathology, education, family and parenting practices, learning theories, and personality theories. School_psychology | |
| Forensic psychology Forensic psychology is the intersection between psychology and the criminal justice system. It involves understanding criminal law in the relevant jurisdictions in order to be able to interact appropriately with judges, attorneys and other legal professionals. Forensic_psychology | |
| Regression fallacy regression (or regressive) fallacy is an informal fallacy. It ascribes cause where none exists. The flaw is failing to account for natural fluctuations. It is frequently a special kind of the post hoc fallacy. Regression_fallacy | |
| Face perception Face perception is the process by which the brain and mind understand and interpret the face, particularly the human face.The face is an important site for the identification of others and conveys significant social information. Probably because of the importance of its role in social interaction, psychological processes involved in face perception are known to be present from birth, to be complex, and to involve large and widely distributed areas in the brain. Face_perception | |
| Clinical psychology Clinical psychology includes the scientific study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. Clinical_psychology | |
| Little Albert experiment The Little Albert experiment was an experiment showing empirical evidence of classical conditioning in humans. This study was also an example of stimulus generalization. It was conducted in 1920 by John B. Watson along with his assistant Rosalie Rayner. The study was done at Johns Hopkins University.John B. Little_Albert_experiment | |
| Repressed memory Repressed memory is a theoretical concept used to describe a significant memory, usually of a traumatic nature, that has become unavailable for recall; also called motivated forgetting in which a subject blocks out painful or traumatic times in one's life. This is not the same as amnesia, which is a term for any instance in which memories are either not stored in the first place (such as with traumatic head injuries when short term memory does not transfer to long term memory) or forgotten. Repressed_memory | |
| Pre- and perinatal psychology Prenatal and perinatal psychology is an interdisciplinary study of the foundations of health in body, mind, emotions and in enduring response patterns to life. It explores the psychological and psychophysiological effects and implications of the earliest experiences of the individual, before birth ("prenatal"), as well as during and immediately after childbirth ("perinatal") on the health and learning ability of the individual and on their relationships. Pre-_and_perinatal_psychology | |
| List of cognitive biases cognitive bias is a pattern of deviation in judgment that occurs in particular situations (see also cognitive distortion and the lists of thinking-related topics).empirically in the field of psychology, others are widespread beliefs, and may themselves be a consequence of cognitive bias.Cognitive biases are instances of evolved mental behavior. List_of_cognitive_biases | |
| Publication bias Publication bias arises from the tendency for researchers, editors, and pharmaceutical companies to handle the reporting of experimental results that are positive (i.e. they show a significant finding) differently from results that are negative (i.e. supported the null hypothesis) or inconclusive.In an effort to decrease this problem some prominent medical journals require registration of a trial before it commences so that unfavorable result are not withheld from publication. Publication_bias | |
| LGBT adoption LGBT adoption is the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. LGBT_adoption | |
| Cetacean intelligence Talk:Cetacean_intelligence | |
| Paul Ekman Paul Ekman (born February 15, 1934) is a psychologist who has been a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He is considered one of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century. Ekman takes a developmental approach, in that the development of human traits and states over time is the background to his research (Keltner, 2007). The character Cal Lightman of the television series Lie to Me is loosely based on him and his work. Paul_Ekman | |
| Behaviorism Behaviorism or Behaviourism, learning perspective (where any physical action is a behavior) is a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things which organisms do — including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors. Behaviorism | |
| Employment Non-Discrimination Act The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA), is a proposed bill in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation. Some version of ENDA would prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of gender identity. Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act | |
| Microexpression microexpression is a brief, involuntary facial expression shown on the face of humans when one is trying to conceal an emotion. They consist of and completely resemble the seven universal emotionsdisgust, anger, fear, sadness, happiness,surprise, and contempt. Microexpression | |
| Martin Seligman Martin E. P. Seligman (born August 12, 1942, in Albany, New York) is an American psychologist who also writes self-help books. A world-renowned authority on depression and abnormal psychology, he is known for his work on the theory of "learned helplessness", and according to The Daily Pennsylvanian is considered the father of positive psychology. He is the director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Martin_Seligman |
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