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English Wikipedia references for Ucsb.edu 51-100 of 1950
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| Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (; ; baptised 17composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential of all composers.Born in Bonn, which was then in the Electorate of Cologne in western Germany, he moved to Vienna in his early twenties and settled there, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. Ludwig_van_Beethoven | |
| Light-emitting diode A light-emitting diode (LED) (, or just ), is an electronic light source. The LED was first invented in Russia in the 1920s, and introduced in America as a practical electronic component in 1962. Oleg Vladimirovich Losev was a radio technician who noticed that diodes used in radio receivers emitted light when current was passed through them. In 1927, he published details in a Russian journal of the first ever LED. Light-emitting_diode | |
| Legion of Merit The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. The decoration is issued both to United States military personnel and to military and political figures of foreign governments. Legion_of_Merit | |
| Mammal Mammals (formally Mammalia) are a class of vertebrate animals whose females are characterized by the possession of mammary glands while both males and females are characterized by sweat glands, hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the brain.Except for the five species of monotremes (which lay eggs), all mammal species give birth to live young. Mammal | |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968), was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today. Martin_Luther_King,_Jr. | |
| Musicology Musicology (Greek:μουσική = "music" and λόγος = "word" or "reason") is the scholarly study of music. The word is used in narrow, broad and intermediate senses. In the narrow sense, musicology is confined to the music history of Western culture. In the intermediate sense, it includes all relevant cultures and a range of musical forms, styles, genres and traditions. Musicology | |
| Michael Atiyah Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM, FRS, FRSE (born April 22, 1929) is a British mathematician, and one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. He grew up in Sudan and Egypt, and spent most of his academic life at Oxford, Cambridge, and Princeton. Michael_Atiyah | |
| Nile The Nile (, , Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and fertile soil, but the former being the longer of the two. Nile | |
| Public Enemy (band) Public Enemy, also known as PE, is an influential hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for its politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community.In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Public Enemy number forty-four on its list of the ImmortalsAcclaimed Music ranks them the 29th most recommended musical act of all time and the highest hip-hop group. The group was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007. Public_Enemy_(band) | |
| History of Panama History_of_Panama | |
| Paraphilia Paraphilia (in Greek para παρά = besides and -philia φιλία = love) refers to powerful and persistent sexual interest other than in copulatory or precopulatory behavior with phenotypically normal, consenting adult human partners.The term was coined by Wilhelm Stekel in the 1920s and popularized by John Money in the 1960s. Paraphilia | |
| Political party A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. Parties often espouse an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests. Political_party | |
| President of the United States The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition. The President leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally-elected federal officers (the other being the Vice President of the United States).Among other powers and responsibilities, Article II of the U.S. President_of_the_United_States | |
| Phonograph The record player, phonograph or gramophone was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. Phonograph | |
| Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (, ; – ) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the current classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his First Piano Concerto, several symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin.Born into a middle-class family, Tchaikovsky's education prepared him for a career as a civil servant, despite the musical precocity he had demonstrated from an early age. Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky | |
| Permian–Triassic extinction event The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) extinction event, informally known as the Great Dying, was an extinction event that occurred , Permian–Triassic_extinction_event | |
| Pope Julius II Pope Julius II (c. 5 December 1443 Il Papa Terribile (The Terrible Pope), was born Giuliano della Rovere. He was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His reign was marked by an aggressive foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts. Pope_Julius_II | |
| Pale Fire Pale Fire (1962) is a novel by Vladimir Nabokov. The novel is presented as a poem titled "Pale Fire" by John Shade, a fictional author, with an introduction and commentary by a fictional friend of his, Charles Kinbote. Together these elements form a narrative in which both authors are central characters.The novel's unusual structure has attracted much attention, and it is often cited as an important example of metafiction. Pale_Fire | |
| Polymorphism in object-oriented programming Type polymorphism in object-oriented programming is the ability of one type, A, to appear as and be used like another type, B. In strongly typed languages, this usually means that type A somehow derives from type B, or type A implements an interface that represents type B. In weakly typed languages types are implicitly polymorphic. Operator Overloading the numerical operators +, -, /, * allow polymorphic treatment of the various numerical types Polymorphism_in_object-oriented_programming | |
| Quantum field theory Quantum field theory or QFT provides a theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of systems classically described by fields or of many-body systems. It is widely used in particle physics and condensed matter physics. Most theories in modern particle physics, including the Standard Model of elementary particles and their interactions, are formulated as relativistic quantum field theories. Quantum_field_theory | |
| Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 37th President of the United States (1969–1974) and the only president to resign the office. He was also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law in La Mirada. Richard_Nixon | |
| Racism Racism is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. In the case of institutional racism, certain racial groups may be denied rights or benefits, or get preferential treatment, while reverse racism favours members of a historically disadvantaged group at the expense of those of a historically advantaged group. Racism | |
| Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction, shortened to RAF (German Rote Armee Fraktion), in its early stages commonly known as Baader-Meinhof Group or Gang, was one of postwar West Germany's most violent and prominent left-wing militant groups. The RAF described itself as a communist "urban guerrilla" group engaged in armed resistance. The RAF was formally founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler, Ulrike Meinhof. Irmgard Möller and Brigitte Mohnhaupt joined early in 1971. Red_Army_Faction | |
| Radiocarbon dating Radiocarbon dating, or carbon dating, is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. Raw, i.e. uncalibrated, radiocarbon ages are usually reported in radiocarbon years "Before Present" (BP), "Present" being defined as AD 1950. Such raw ages can be calibrated to give calendar dates. Radiocarbon_dating | |
| Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an influential American and British filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and photographer, who lived in England during most of the last 40 years of his career. Kubrick was noted for the scrupulous care with which he chose his subjects, his slow method of working, the variety of genres he worked in, his technical perfectionism and his reclusiveness about his films and personal life. Stanley_Kubrick | |
| Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys, FRS ( "peeps"; 23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for his diary. Although Pepys had no maritime experience, he rose by patronage, hard work and his talent for administration, to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and subsequently King James II. His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important in the early professionalization of the Royal Navy. Samuel_Pepys | |
| Space Shuttle Challenger Space Shuttle Challenger (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation:Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service, Columbia being the first. Its maiden flight was on April 4, 1983, and it completed nine missions before breaking apart 73 seconds after the launch of its tenth mission, STS-51-L on January 28, 1986, resulting in the death of all seven crew members. Space_Shuttle_Challenger | |
| String theory String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum theory of gravity. The strings of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces, too. String_theory | |
| South Holland South Holland (Dutch:province situated on the North Sea in the western part of the Netherlands. The provincial capital is The Hague and its largest city is Rotterdam. South_Holland | |
| Safe sex Safe sex (also called safer sex or protected sex) is the practice of sexual activity in a manner that reduces the risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Conversely, unsafe sex is the practice of sexual intercourse or other sexual contact without regard for prevention of STDs.Safe sex practices became more prominent in the late 1980s as a result of the AIDS epidemic. Safe_sex | |
| Stephen Sondheim Stephen Joshua Sondheim (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist for stage and screen, winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards (seven, more than any other composer) and the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize. Stephen_Sondheim | |
| Theodore Roosevelt Theodore D. Roosevelt (; October 27, 1858 January 6, 1919), also known as T.R., and to the public (but never to friends and intimates) as Teddy, was the 26th President of the United States. A leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Party, he was a Governor of New York and a professional historian, naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier. He is most famous for his personalityteddy bears are named after him. Theodore_Roosevelt | |
| Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results. This amendment overruled Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895), which greatly limited the Congress' authority to levy an income tax.It was ratified on February 3, 1913. Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution | |
| Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. It is often called the Grand Old Party or the GOP. The party supports a conservative and/or center-right platform, with foundations in supply-side fiscal policies, social conservatism, and personal responsibility.The Republican Party has the second most registered voters as of 2004 with 55 million, encompassing roughly one-third of the electorate. Republican_Party_(United_States) | |
| Whig Party (United States) The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from 1833 to 1856, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. Whig_Party_(United_States) | |
| United Religions Initiative United_Religions_Initiative | |
| United States Cabinet The United States Cabinet (usually referred to as the President's Cabinet or simplified as the Cabinet) is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. Its existence dates back to the first American President, George Washington, who appointed a Cabinet of four people (Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson; Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton; Secretary of War Henry Knox; and Attorney General Edmund Randolph) to advise and assist him in his duties. United_States_Cabinet | |
| Vincenzo Bellini Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (3 November 1801 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer. His most famous works are La Sonnambula and Norma (both 1831). Known for his flowing melodic lines for which he was named "the Swan of Catania", Bellini was the quintessential composer of Bel canto opera. Vincenzo_Bellini | |
| William Gibson William_Gibson | |
| William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States and the 10th Chief Justice of the United States.Born in 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, into the powerful Taft family, Taft graduated from Yale College in 1878, and later graduated from Cincinnati Law School in 1880. William_Howard_Taft | |
| Zionism Zionism is the international political movement that originally supported the reestablishment of a homeland for the Jewish People in Palestine. The area was the Jewish Biblical homeland, called the Land of Israel (Hebrew:Eretz Yisra'el). Since the creation of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily as support for the modern state of Israel. Zionism | |
| 1968 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. In the west, the year is associated with the protests of 1968. 1968 | |
| 1929 The year 1929 (see full calendar) was a Gregorian calendar year in the 20th century. The year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a counter-revolution in Mexico. 1929 | |
| State of the Union address State of the Union is an annual address presented before a joint session of Congress and held in the House of Representatives chamber at the U.S. Capitol. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the president to outline his legislative agenda and national priorities to the United States Congress. The report has occurred in January (except for the occasion of a new president's entrance into Office, whereupon he gives his first address in February) since 1934. State_of_the_Union_address | |
| Scientific journal For a broader class of publications, which include scientific journals, see Academic journal. Science Journal is the prestigous American journal established since 1880. and was the name of a British science magazine published 1965-71 academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. Scientific_journal | |
| Depleted uranium Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium primarily composed of the isotope uranium-238 (U-238). Natural uranium is about 99.27 percent U-238, 0.72 percent U-235, and 0.0055 percent U-234. U-235 is used for fission in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium is enriched in U-235 by separating the isotopes by mass. Depleted_uranium | |
| Pietro Mascagni Pietro Mascagni (December 7, 1863 Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece, Cavalleria rusticana, caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and singlehandedly ushered in the Verismo movement in Italian dramatic music. However, though it has been stated that Mascagni, like Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, this is inaccurate. Pietro_Mascagni | |
| Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Donizetti's most famous work is Lucia di Lammermoor (1835), and arguably his most immediately recognizable piece of music is the aria "Una furtiva lagrima" from L'elisir d'amore (1832). Along with Vincenzo Bellini and Gioacchino Rossini, he was a leading composer of bel canto opera. Gaetano_Donizetti | |
| Human voice The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal folds for talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc. Human voice is specifically that part of human sound production in which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are the primary sound source. Human_voice | |
| Moore's law Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware. Since the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958, the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has increased exponentially, doubling approximately every two years. Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore in a 1965 paper. Moore's_law |
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