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English Wikipedia references for Sil.org 51-100 of 3255
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| Italian language Italian (, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken as mother-tongue by about 60 million people in Italy, and by a total of around 70 million in the world. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four official languages. It is also the official language of San Marino, as well as the primary language of Vatican City. Italian_language | |
| International Phonetic Alphabet International_Phonetic_Alphabet | |
| Ido Ido () is a constructed language created with the goal of becoming a universal second language for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds as a language easier to learn than ethnic languages. Unlike English, which is a natural and frequently irregular language, Ido was specifically designed for grammatical, orthographic, and lexicographical regularity, and to favor no one who might otherwise be advantaged in a situation due to native fluency in a widespread language. Ido | |
| Interlingua Interlingua | |
| Japanese language IPAlanguage spoken by over 130Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Japonic-Ryukyuan languages. Its relationships with other languages remain undemonstrated. It is an agglutinative language and is distinguished by a complex system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and a person mentioned in conversation (regardless of their presence). Japanese_language | |
| Japanese language Talk:Japanese_language | |
| Korean language This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language. See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system.Korean (, see below) is the official language of North Korea and South Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China. Korean_language | |
| Klingon language The Klingon language (tlhIngan Hol in Klingon) is the constructed language spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe. Deliberately designed by Marc Okrand to be "alien", it contains many peculiarities. The language's basic sound, along with a few words, was first devised by actor James Doohan ("Scotty") for Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Klingon_language | |
| Kashubian language Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubiankaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; ) is one of the Lechitic languages, a subgroup of the Slavic languages.Kashubian is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers. Kashubian_language | |
| Kenneth Lee Pike Kenneth Lee Pike (June 9 1912–December 31 2000), also known during his life as Ken Pike, was an American linguist and anthropologist. He was the originator of the theory of tagmemics and coiner of the terms "emic" and "etic". Kenneth_Lee_Pike | |
| Latin Latin (lingua Latīna, ) is an Italic language historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe. Romance languages such as Italian, French, Catalan, Romanian, Spanish, and Portuguese are descended from Latin, while many others, especially European languages, including English, have inherited and acquired much of their vocabulary from Latin. Latin | |
| West Low German West Low German (also known as Low Saxon, or Plattdeutsch in German) is a group of Low German dialects spoken in the Northwest German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia (the Westphalian part), Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt (western areas), in the northeast of the Netherlands and by a minority in the southernmost part of Denmark. Together with East Low German it forms Low German. West_Low_German | |
| Luxembourgish language Luxembourgish_language | |
| Outline of linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Linguistics can be theoretical or applied. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to linguistics Outline_of_linguistics | |
| Lexeme For its use in the context of Computer Science, see Lexical analysis.A lexeme () is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. For example, in the English language, run, runs, ran and running are forms of the same lexeme, conventionally written as RUN. Lexeme | |
| Lexicology Not to be mistaken with lexicography.Lexicology (from lexiko-, in the Late Greek lexikon) is that part of linguistics which studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words (semantical relations), words groups and the whole lexicon. Lexicology | |
| Maltese language Maltese () is the national language of Malta, and a co-official language of the country alongside English, official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished. Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic (the Arabic dialect that developed in Sicily, Malta and the rest of Southern Italy) Maltese_language | |
| Macedonian language Macedonian_language | |
| Mandarin Chinese Mandarin ( or ), is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and south-western China. When taken as a separate language, as is often done in academic literature, the Mandarin language has more native speakers than any other language. The "standard" in Standard Mandarin refers to the standard Beijing dialect of the Mandarin language.Mandarin is also a general term describing any grade of nobility in the Chinese Imperial Court. Mandarin_Chinese | |
| Macedonian language Talk:Macedonian_language | |
| Manx language Manx (native name or , or ), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man. The last native speaker, Ned Maddrell, died in 1974, but in recent years it has been the subject of language revival efforts, and it is now the medium of education at the , a primary school for four- to eleven-year-olds in St. John's, Isle of Man. Manx_language | |
| Marathi language Marathi_language | |
| Number names In linguistics, a term for specific words in a natural language that represents a number. In the writing, numerals are symbols representing numeral systems. Number_names | |
| Niger-Congo languages The Niger-Congo languages constitute one of the world's major language families, and Africa's largest in terms of geographical area, number of speakers, and number of distinct languages. They may constitute the world's largest language family in terms of distinct languages, although this question is complicated by ambiguity about what constitutes a distinct language. Niger-Congo_languages | |
| Norwegian language Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants (see Danish language#Classification).These continental Scandinavian languages together with the insular languages Faroese and Icelandic, as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages). Norwegian_language | |
| Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa is the autoglottonym or name of the language used by its native speakers as defined by the United Nations, Northern Sotho is the heteroglottonym) is one of the official languages of South Africa, and is spoken by nearly five million—4,208,980 people (2001 Census Data)—in the South African provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga. Northern_Sotho_language | |
| Nahuatl Nahuatl (, stress being on the first syllable) is a group of related languages and dialects of the Nahuan (traditionally called "Aztecan") branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Collectively they are spoken by an estimated Nahua people, most of whom live in Central Mexico. Nahuatl | |
| New Latin The term New Latin, or Neo-Latin, is used to describe a form of the Latin language used after the end of the Medieval Latin period (c. 1500) to c. 1900, and in a very limited fashion, down to the present day, in the form of neologisms. With a series of reforms in usage, it gave rise to the contemporary Latin of the 20th century. New_Latin | |
| Novial Novial nov- ("new") + IAL, International Auxiliary Language]constructed international auxiliary language (IAL) intended to facilitate international communication and friendship, without displacing anyone's native language. It was devised by Professor Otto Jespersen, a Danish linguist who was previously involved in the Ido movement, and subsequently in the development of Interlingua. Novial | |
| Norn language Norn is an extinct North Germanic language that was spoken on Shetland and Orkney, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, and in Caithness. After the islands were pawned to Scotland by Norway in the 15th century, it was gradually replaced by Scots. Norn_language | |
| Noun class In linguistics, the term noun class refers to a system of categorizing nouns. A noun may belong to a given class because of characteristic features of its referent, such as sex, animacy, shape, but counting a given noun among nouns of such or another class is often clearly conventional. Some authors use the term "grammatical gender" as a synonym of "noun class", but others use different definitions for each (see below). Noun classes should not be confused with noun classifiers. Noun_class | |
| Occitan language Occitan (), known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native nameoccitan , lenga d'òc ; native nicknamela lenga nòstra i.e. "our Romance language spoken in Occitania, that is, Southern France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and in the Aran Valley of Spain. Occitan_language | |
| Old Prussian Prussian is an extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the inhabitants of Prussia in an area (see map and article by Marija Gimbutas below) of what later became East Prussia (now north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia) and eastern parts of Pomerelia (some parts of the region East of the Vistula river). Old_Prussian | |
| Old Norse Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300.The changing processes that distinguish Old Norse from its older form, Proto-Norse, were mostly concluded around the 8th century, and another transitional period that led up to the modern descendants of Old Norse (i.e., Old_Norse | |
| Old English Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon, Englisc by its speakers) is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and south-eastern Scotland between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. What survives through writing represents primarily the literary register of Anglo-Saxon. Old_English | |
| Occidental language The language Occidental, later Interlingue, is a planned language created by the Balto-German naval officer and teacher Edgar de Wahl and published in 1922.Occidental is devised with great care to ensure that many of its derived word forms reflect the similar forms common to a number of Western European languages. Occidental_language | |
| Polish language Polish (język polski, polszczyzna) is a West Slavic language. and the official language of Poland. Its written standard is the Polish alphabet which corresponds basically to the Latin alphabet with a few additions. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland. Polish_language | |
| Phoneme In human phonology, a phoneme (from the , phōnēma, "a sound uttered") is the smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form meaningful contrasts between utterances.In effect, a phoneme is a group of slightly different sounds which are all perceived to have the same function by speakers of the language in question. Phoneme | |
| Phonology Phonology (from , phōnē, "voice, sound" and , lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion") is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use. Just as a language has syntax and vocabulary, it also has a phonology in the sense of a sound system. Phonology | |
| Portuguese language Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that was originated in what is now Galicia and northern Portugal. It is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula (namely the Gallaeci, the Lusitanians, the Celtici and the Conii) around 2000 years ago. Portuguese_language | |
| Standard Mandarin Standard Mandarin, or Standard Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan, and is one of the four official languages of Singapore. The phonology of Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, a large and diverse group of Chinese dialects spoken across northern and southwestern China. Standard_Mandarin | |
| Punjabi language Punjabi or Panjabi ( in Gurmukhi script, in Shahmukhi script, 'transliteration) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region (in Pakistan and India) and their diasporas. Speakers include adherents of the religions of Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism. Punjabi_language | |
| Quechua Quechua (Runa Simi) is a family of related Native American languages in South America, with approximately 46 dialects, grouped in at least seven languages. Though it is traditionally referred to as a single language many, perhaps most, linguists treat it as a family of languages.Some variety was already widely spoken across the Central Andes as a lingua franca among curacas long before the time of the Incas, who established it as the official language of administration for their Empire. Quechua | |
| Russian language Russian (, transliteration:Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian and Ukrainian (and possibly Rusyn, normally considered a dialect of Ukrainian). Russian_language | |
| Romansh language Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumants(c)h, or Romanche, Romansh rumantsch/romontsch/rumauntsch, German Rätoromanisch) is one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and French. It is one of the Rhaeto-Romance languages, believed to have descended from the Vulgar Latin variety spoken by Roman era occupiers of the region, and, as such, is closely related to French, Occitan and North Italian, as well as other Romance languages to a lesser extent. Romansh_language | |
| Romanian language Romanian or Daco-Romanian (datedRumanian or Roumanian); self-designationlimba română, ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, Romanian_language | |
| Rich Text Format The Rich Text Format (often abbreviated RTF) is a document file format developed by Microsoft in 1987 for cross-platform document interchange. Most word processors are able to read and write RTF documents.It should not be confused with enriched text (mimetype "text/enriched" of RFC 1896) or its predecessor Rich Text (mimetype "text/richtext" of RFC 1341 and 1521) which are completely different specifications. Rich_Text_Format | |
| Swedish language Swedish () is a North Germanic language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Åland islands. It is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Norwegian and to a lesser extent with Danish (see especially "Classification"). Along with the other North Germanic languages, Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. Swedish_language | |
| Spanish language Spanish (español) sometimes called Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade. It was taken most notably to the Americas, and also to Africa and Asia Pacific with the expansion of the Spanish Empire between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. Spanish_language | |
| Sardo logudorese Sardu logudorese, or Logudorese, is a standardised dialect of Sardinian, often considered the most conservative of all Romance languages. Its ISO 639-3 code is src.Latin G and K before , were not palatalized in it, in stark contrast with all other Romance languages. Compare Logudorese chentu with Italian cento , Spanish ciento and French cent ( and from ). Sardo_logudorese |
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