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English Wikipedia references for Nobelprize.org 51-100 of 2142
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| Finland Finland | |
| Fundamental interaction physics, a fundamental interaction or fundamental force is a process by which elementary particles interact with each other. An interaction is often described as a physical field, and is mediated by the exchange of gauge bosons between particles. An interaction is fundamental when it cannot be described in terms of other interactions. Fundamental_interaction | |
| Felix Bloch This page addresses only the Swiss physicist, for the man accused of espionage see Felix Bloch (diplomatic officer)Felix Bloch (October 23, 1905 September 10, 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the U.S. Felix_Bloch | |
| Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June, 1915English astronomer primarily remembered today for his contribution to the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and his often controversial stance on other cosmological and scientific matters, in particular his rejection of the Big Bang theory. Fred_Hoyle | |
| Francis Crick Francis_Crick | |
| Friedrich Hayek Friedrich_Hayek | |
| Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat. Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest personalities in the history of Norway.Nansen initially started out as pioneer sports skier, and soon became interested in Arctic exploration. Fridtjof_Nansen | |
| Germany Germany | |
| Guglielmo Marconi Marchese Guglielmo Marconi (; 25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun, "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy". Guglielmo_Marconi | |
| George Whipple George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anemia." Whipple was born to Ashley Cooper Whipple and Frances Anna Hoyt in Ashland, New Hampshire. George_Whipple | |
| Germanium Germanium () is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Germanium has five naturally occurring isotopes ranging in atomic mass number from 70 to 76. It forms a large number of organometallic compounds, including tetraethylgermane and isobutylgermane. Germanium | |
| Gabriel García Márquez Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez () (born March 6, 1927) is a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist. García Márquez, familiarly known as "Gabo" in his native country, is considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century. Gabriel_García_Márquez | |
| G protein G proteins, short for guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins involved in second messenger cascades. G_protein | |
| George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 Irish playwright. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60 plays. George_Bernard_Shaw | |
| Glucose Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar) also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. Glucose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and starts cellular respiration in both prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists). Glucose | |
| Giosuè Carducci Giosuè Carducci (pseudonymnational poet of modern Italy. In 1906 he became the first Italian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Giosuè_Carducci | |
| Grinnell College Grinnell College is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, U.S. with a strong tradition of social activism. Grinnell_College | |
| Grazia Deledda Grazia Deledda (September 27, 1871—August 15, 1936) was an Italian writer whose works won her a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926. Grazia_Deledda | |
| Glenn T. Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg (; April 19, 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements," contributed to the discovery and isolation of ten elements, developed the actinoids concept and was the first to propose the actinoids series which led to the current arrangement of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Glenn_T._Seaborg | |
| Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (; also known as "Litwos" ; May 5, 1846–November 15, 1916) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist. He was one of the most popular Polish writers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 for his "outstanding merits as an epic writer." Henryk_Sienkiewicz | |
| Hermann Hesse Hermann Hesse () (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game (also known as Magister Ludi) which explore an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality. Hermann_Hesse | |
| History of computing hardware The history of computing hardware encompasses the hardware, its architecture, and its impact on software. The von Neumann architecture unifies our current computing hardware implementations. History_of_computing_hardware | |
| Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician. He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the Tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and the Vibrio cholera (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his tuberculosis findings in 1905. He is considered one of the founders of microbiology—he inspired such major figures as Paul Ehrlich and Gerhard Domagk. Robert_Koch | |
| Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration.A proponent of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a dominant role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. Henry_Kissinger | |
| Henry Kissinger/Archive 1 Talk:Henry_Kissinger/Archive_1 | |
| Halldór Laxness Halldór Kiljan Laxness () (born Halldór Guðjónsson) (April 23, 1902—February 8, 1998) was a twentieth-century Icelandic novelist and author of Independent People, The Atom Station, and Iceland's Bell. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1955. Halldór_Laxness | |
| Haber process Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the nitrogen fixation reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, over an enriched iron catalyst, to produce ammonia. The Haber process is important because ammonia is difficult to produce on an industrial scale, and the fertilizer generated from the ammonia is responsible for sustaining one-third of the Earth's population. Haber_process | |
| Homeschooling Talk:Homeschooling | |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV). HIV | |
| Helium-3 This article is about the elemental isotope. For the record label Helium 3, see Muse or A&E Records.Helium-3 (He-3) is a light, non-radioactive isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron, rare on Earth, sought for use in nuclear fusion research. The abundance of helium-3 is thought to be greater on the Moon (embedded in the upper layer of regolith by the solar wind over billions of years) and the solar system's gas giants (left over from the original solar nebula), though still low in quantity (28 ppm of lunar regolith is helium-4 and 0.01 ppm is helium-3). Helium-3 | |
| History of science Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, explanation, and adequate prediction of real world phenomena by experiment. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. History_of_science | |
| Harold Kroto Sir Harold (Harry) Walter Kroto, FRS (born 7 October, 1939) is an English chemist and one of the three recipients to share the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is currently on faculty at Florida State University, which he joined in 2004; prior to that he spent a large part of his working career at the University of Sussex, where he holds an emeritus professorship. Harold_Kroto | |
| Italy Italy | |
| Iridium Iridium () is the chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is the second densest element and is the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can even be flammable. Iridium | |
| Insulin Talk:Insulin | |
| Immune system immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function properly. Detection is complicated as pathogens can evolve rapidly, producing adaptations that avoid the immune system and allow the pathogens to successfully infect their hosts. Immune_system | |
| International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the International Labour Office. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969. International_Labour_Organization | |
| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body tasked to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. The panel was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), two organizations of the United Nations. The IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President of the United States Al Gore. Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change | |
| Integrated circuit electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use Integrated_circuit | |
| Ion channel Not to be confused with Ion Television.Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells. Ion_channel | |
| Irgun Irgun (; shorthand for Ha'Irgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, , "National Military Organization in the Land of Israel") was a militant Zionist group that operated in Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was established as a militant offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah (HebrewIsrael Defence Forces at the start of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. In present-day Irgun | |
| Isaac Bashevis Singer Isaac Bashevis Singer () (November 21, 1902 (see notes below) – July 24, 1991) was a Nobel Prize-winning Polish-born American author and one of the leading figures in the Yiddish literary movement. Isaac_Bashevis_Singer | |
| John Bardeen John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics twiceWilliam Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, allowing the Information Age to occur, and made possible the development of almost every modern electronical device, from telephones to computers to missiles. John_Bardeen | |
| John Steinbeck John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American writer. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, and the novella Of Mice and Men, published in 1937. In all, he wrote twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories. In 1962 Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature. John_Steinbeck | |
| Jimmy Carter James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) was the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. Prior to becoming president, Carter served two terms in the Georgia Senate followed by the governorship of the State of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975.As president, Carter created two new cabinet-level departmentsDepartment of Energy and the Department of Education. Jimmy_Carter | |
| Jerusalem Jerusalem | |
| John James Richard Macleod John James Rickard Macleod (September 6, 1876 Scottish physician, physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. John_James_Richard_Macleod | |
| James D. Watson James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA. Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". James_D._Watson | |
| Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 Jean-Paul Sartre, was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy. Jean-Paul_Sartre | |
| James Tobin James Tobin (March 5, 1918 March 11, 2002) was an American economist who in his lifetime, had served on the Council of Economic Advisors, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and had taught at Harvard and Yale Universities. He developed the ideas of Keynesian economics, and advocated government intervention to stabilize output and avoid recessions. James_Tobin |
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