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English Wikipedia references for Harvard.edu 51-100 of 24356
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| Californium Californium () is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. A radioactive transuranic element, californium is used in starting nuclear reactors, optimizing coal-fired power plants and cement production facilities (via online analyzers), medical treatment of cancer, and oil exploration via down hole well logging. It was first produced by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium ions). Californium | |
| Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Greater Boston area. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England. Cambridge is most famous for two prominent universities, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 101,355. It is the fifth most populous city in the state. Cambridge,_Massachusetts | |
| Community In biological terms, a community is a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment. human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Community | |
| Comet A comet is a Small Solar System Body that orbits the Sun. When close enough to the Sun, a comet exhibits a visible coma (fuzzy "atmosphere"), and sometimes a tail, both because of the effects of solar radiation upon the comet's nucleus. Comet nuclei are themselves loose collections of ice, dust and small rocky particles, ranging from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers across. Comet | |
| Continental drift Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. The hypothesis that continents 'drift' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 and was fully developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. However, it was not until the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s, that a sufficient geological explanation of that movement was found. Continental_drift | |
| CNO cycle The CNO cycle (for carbon-nitrogen-oxygen), or sometimes Bethe-Weizsäcker-cycle, is one of two sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton-proton chain. Theoretical models show that the CNO cycle is the dominant source of energy in stars heavier than about 1.5 times the mass of the sun. CNO_cycle | |
| Common Era Common Era, abbreviated as CE, is a designation for the calendar system most commonly used world-wide for numbering the year part of the date. The numbering of years using Common Era notation is identical to the numbering used with Anno Domini (BC/AD) notation, being the current year in both notations and neither using a year zero. Common_Era | |
| Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( purse) (September 10, 1839 logician, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peirce was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. It is largely his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and semiotics (and his founding of pragmatism) that are appreciated today. In 1934, the philosopher Paul Weiss called Peirce "the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician". Charles_Sanders_Peirce | |
| Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; , ) (30 April 1777 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, electrostatics, astronomy and optics. Carl_Friedrich_Gauss | |
| Canadian English Canadian English (CanE, en-CA) is the variety of English used in Canada. More than 26 million Canadians (85% of the population) have some knowledge of English (2006 census). Approximately 17 million speak English as their native language. Outside Quebec, 76% of Canadians speak English natively. Canadian_English | |
| Crux Crux (, genitive Crucis ) is the smallest of the 88 modern constellations, but is one of the most distinctive. Its name is Latin for cross, and it is dominated by a cross-shaped asterism that is commonly known as the Southern Cross because throughout this Common Era it has been easily visible from the southern hemisphere, at practically any time of year, although it is also visible near the horizon from tropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere, for a few hours every night, during the spring months; for instance, from Cancun -- or any other place al latitude 25º N or less, with unobstructed view to the South—at around 10 pm, at the end of April. Crux | |
| Impact crater In the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with larger body. In most common usage, the term is used for the approximately circular depression in the surface of a planet, moon or other solid body in the Solar System, formed by the hyper-velocity impact of a smaller body with the surface. Impact_crater | |
| Chamaeleon Chamaeleon (, genitive Chamaeleontis ) is a small constellation in the southern sky. It is named after the chameleon, a form of lizard. It was first defined in the sixteenth century. In Australia it is sometimes unofficially called "the Frying Pan" when finding the south by the stars. Chamaeleon | |
| Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south. It is also sometimes known as Middle Asia or Inner Asia, and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent. Central_Asia | |
| Context-free grammar formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a grammar in which every production rule is of the form V w where V is a single nonterminal symbol, and w is a string of terminals and/or nonterminals (possibly empty).Thus, the difference with arbitrary grammars is that the left hand side of a production rule is always a single nonterminal symbol rather than a string of terminal and/or nonterminal symbols. Context-free_grammar | |
| Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Shoemaker-Levy redirects here. For other Shoemaker-Levy comets see List of periodic comets.Comet Shoemaker-Levy (SL9, formally designated D/1993) was a comet that collided with Jupiter in 1994, providing the first direct observation of an extraterrestrial collision of solar system objects. Comet_Shoemaker-Levy_9 | |
| Comet Talk:Comet | |
| Chandrasekhar limit Chandrasekhar limit limits the mass of bodies made from electron-degenerate matter, a dense form of matter which consists of nuclei immersed in a gas of electrons. The limit is the maximum nonrotating mass which can be supported against gravitational collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. Chandrasekhar_limit | |
| Colin Powell Colin Luther Powell (born April 5, 1937) is an American statesman and a former four-star general in the United States Army. He was the 65th United States Secretary of State (2001-2005), serving under President George W. Bush. He was the first African American appointed to that position. Colin_Powell | |
| Beetle Beetles are the group of insects with the largest number of known species. They are classified in the order Coleoptera (; from Greek , koleos, "sheath"; and , pteron, "wing", thus "sheathed wing"), which contains more described species than in any other order in the animal kingdom, constituting about 25% of all known life-forms. 40% of all described insect species are beetles (about 350,000 species Beetle | |
| Cotton Mather Cotton Mather (February 12, 1663 1728). A.B. 1678 (Harvard College), A.M. 1681; honorary doctorate 1710 (University of Glasgow), was a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author, and pamphleteer. Cotton Mather was the son of influential minister Increase Mather. He is often remembered for his connection to the Salem witch trials. Cotton_Mather | |
| Code division multiple access Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies. It should not be confused with the mobile phone standards called cdmaOne and CDMA2000 (which are often referred to as simply "CDMA"), which use CDMA as an underlying channel access method.One of the basic concepts in data communication is the idea of allowing several transmitters to send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. Code_division_multiple_access | |
| Content-control software Content-control software, also known as censorware or web filtering software, is a term for software designed and optimized for controlling what content is permitted to a reader, especially when it is used to restrict material delivered over the Web. Content-control software determines what content will be available on a particular machine or network; the motive is often to prevent persons from viewing content which the computer's owner(s) or other authorities may consider objectionable; when imposed without the consent of the user, content control can constitute censorship. Content-control_software | |
| Carme (moon) Carme_(moon) | |
| Comet Hale-Bopp Comet_Hale-Bopp | |
| Caste Castes are systems of occupation, endogamy, social culture, social class, and political power, the assignment of individuals to places in the social hierarchy is determined by social group and cultural heritage. Although India is often now associated with the word "caste", it was first used by the Portuguese to describe inherited class status in their own European society.Discrimination based on caste is prevalent mainly in parts of Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Japan) and Africa. Caste | |
| Cartography Cartography (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making geographical maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. Cartography | |
| Copernican principle cosmology, the Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states the Earth is not in a central, specially favoured position. More recently, the principle is generalised to the relativistic concept that humans are not privileged observers of the universe. In this sense, it is equivalent to the mediocrity principle, with significant implications in the philosophy of science. Copernican_principle | |
| Cosmic microwave background radiation In cosmology, cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation (also CMBR, CBR, MBR, and relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation filling the universe. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is pitch black. Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation | |
| Cosmic microwave background radiation Talk:Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation | |
| Casimir effect physics, the Casimir effect and the Casimir-Polder force are physical forces arising from a quantized field. The typical example is of two uncharged metallic plates in a vacuum, placed a few micrometers apart, without any external electromagnetic field. In a classical description, the lack of an external field also means that there is no field between the plates, and no force would be measured between them. Casimir_effect | |
| Classical Kuiper belt object In astronomy a classical Kuiper Belt object, also called a cubewano, is a Kuiper belt object (KBO) that orbits beyond Neptune and is not controlled by an orbital resonance with the giant planet. Cubewanos have semi-major axes in the 40-50 AU range and, unlike Pluto, do not cross Neptune’s orbit.The name "cubewano" derives from the first trans-Neptunian object (TNO) found after Pluto and Charon, . Later similar objects were called "QB1-o's", or "cubewanos". Classical_Kuiper_belt_object | |
| Casimir effect Talk:Casimir_effect | |
| Crystal Eastman Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 - July 8, 1928) was a lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She was born in Marlborough, Massachusetts and graduated from Vassar College in 1903, receiving an M.A. in sociology from Columbia University in 1904. She was second in the class of 1907 at New York University Law School. She was the sister of socialist American writer Max Forrester Eastman. Crystal_Eastman | |
| Carl Linnaeus/Archive 1 Talk:Carl_Linnaeus/Archive_1 | |
| Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a malformed collection of blood vessels within the brain, characterized by tangle(s) of veins and arteries. While an arteriovenous malformation can occur elsewhere in the body, this article discusses malformations found in the brain. Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation | |
| Christmas tree Christmas tree is one of the most popular traditions associated with the celebration of Christmas. Normally an evergreen coniferous tree that is brought into a home or used in the open, a Christmas tree is decorated with Christmas lights and colourful ornaments during the days around Christmas. An angel or star is often placed at the top of the tree, representing the host of angels or the Star of Bethlehem from the Nativity story. Christmas_tree | |
| Corona A corona is a type of plasma "atmosphere" of the Sun or other celestial body, extending millions of kilometers into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but also observable in a coronagraph. The Latin root of the word corona means crown. Corona | |
| Dravidian languages The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages , spoken by around 200 million people. They are mainly spoken in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, and overseas in other countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. Dravidian_languages | |
| Diamond Diamond | |
| Dieting Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight. In most cases the goal is weight loss in those who are overweight or obese, but some athletes aspire to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle) and diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight.Diets to promote weight loss are generally divided into four categories Dieting | |
| Diesel cycle The Diesel cycle is the thermodynamic cycle which approximates the pressure and volume of the combustion chamber of the Diesel engine, invented by Rudolph Diesel in 1897. It is assumed to have constant pressure during the first part of the "combustion" phase , v2 to v3 in the diagram . This is mostly a mathematical modelOtto cycle of a gasoline engine approximates constant volume during that phase, generating more of a spike in a p/v diagram. Diesel_cycle | |
| DDT DDT | |
| Dyson sphere A Dyson sphere (or shell as it appeared in the original paper) is a hypothetical megastructure originally described by Freeman Dyson. Such a "sphere" would be a system of orbiting solar power satellites meant to completely encompass a star and capture most or all of its energy output. Dyson_sphere | |
| Dark matter In astronomy and cosmology, dark matter is hypothetical matter that is undetectable by its emitted radiation, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark matter is postulated to explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies and other evidence of "missing mass" in the universe. Dark_matter | |
| Dave Winer Dave Winer (born May 2, 1955 in Brooklyn, New York City, USA) is an American software developer, entrepreneur and writer in Berkeley, California. A pioneer in the areas of outliners, content management, XML-RPC, RSS, OPML, and the MetaWeblog API, he is also noted for his contribution to podcasting. Dave_Winer | |
| ΔT ΔT, Delta T, delta-T, deltaT, or DT is the time difference obtained by subtracting Universal Time from Terrestrial Time.Universal Time (UT) is a time scale based on the Earth's rotation, which is somewhat irregular over short periods (days up to a century), thus any time based on it cannot have an accuracy better than 1 8. ΔT | |
| David Deutsch David Elieser Deutsch FRS (born 1953 in Haifa, Israel) is a physicist at the University of Oxford. He is a non-stipendiary Visiting Professor in the Department of Atomic and Laser Physics at the Centre for Quantum Computation, Clarendon Laboratory. He pioneered the field of quantum computers by being the first person to formulate a specifically quantum computational algorithm, and is a proponent of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. David_Deutsch | |
| Division of labour Division of labour or specialization is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase the productivity of labour. Historically the growth of a more and more complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialization processes. Division_of_labour | |
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