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English Wikipedia references for Cato.org 51-100 of 690
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| Gold standard The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common medium of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set, fixed quantities of gold. The gold standard is not currently used by any government, having been replaced completely by fiat currency. Gold_standard | |
| Civil liberties Civil liberties are freedoms that protect an individual from the government of the nation in which they reside. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its power and interfere unduly with the lives of its citizens.Common civil liberties include the rights of people, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech, and additionally, the right to due process, to a fair trial, to own property, and to privacy. Civil_liberties | |
| Celtic Tiger Celtic Tiger is a term used to describe the period of rapid economic growth in Ireland that began in the mid 1990s and slowed in 2001, only to pick up pace again between 2003-2007, coming to a halt by 2008 when many economists believed a soft landing was possible, but it is now projected that GDP will contract by 10% or more in 2009. Celtic_Tiger | |
| One-child policy one-child policy (; literally "policy of birth planning") is the population control policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts the number of children married urban couples can have to one, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. One-child_policy | |
| Smart growth Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in the center of a city to avoid urban sprawl; and advocates compact, transit-oriented, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including neighborhood schools, complete streets, mixed-use development with a range of housing choices.Smart growth values long-range, regional considerations of sustainability over a short-term focus. Smart_growth | |
| Violence Violence is the expression of physical force against self or other, compelling action against one's will on pain of being hurt. Variant uses of the term refer to the destruction of non-living objects (see property damage). Worldwide, violence is used as a tool of manipulation and also is an area of concern for law and culture who take attempts to suppress and stop it. Violence | |
| Globalization Globalization (globalisation) is a term for the process by which local, regional or national phenomena become integrated on a global scale.Globalization is often used to refer to economic globalizationtrade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. Globalization | |
| Flat tax A flat tax (short for flat rate tax) is a tax system with a constant tax rate. Usually the term flat tax would refer to household income (and sometimes corporate profits) being taxed at one marginal rate, in contrast with progressive taxes that may vary according to such parameters as income or usage levels. Flat taxes generally offer simplicity in the tax code, which has been reported to increase compliance and decrease administration costs. Flat_tax | |
| Sherman Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act, July 2, 1890, ch. 647, , ) was the first United States Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies. It forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the federal government, as it requires investigation of trusts, companies and organizations suspected of violating the Act. Sherman_Antitrust_Act | |
| Social Security (United States) Social Security in the United States currently refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.The original Social Security Act and the current version of the Act, as amended encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs. The larger and better known programs are Social_Security_(United_States) | |
| Deflation In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the annual inflation rate falls below zero percent, resulting in an increase in the real value of money — a negative inflation rate. Inflation reduces the real value of money over time, conversely, deflation increases the real value of money.Currently, mainstream economists generally believe that deflation is a problem in a modern economy because of the danger of a deflationary spiral. Deflation | |
| Milton Friedman Talk:Milton_Friedman | |
| Precautionary principle precautionary principle is a moral and political principle which states that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the action. Precautionary_principle | |
| United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS) is an independent agency of the United States government (see ) responsible for providing postal service in the United States. United_States_Postal_Service | |
| Piracy Piracy is a war-like act committed by a non-state actor, especially robbery or criminal violence committed at sea, on water, or sometimes on shore. It does not normally include crimes on board a vessel among passengers or crew. The term has been used to refer to raids across land borders by non-state actors. Piracy | |
| Privateer A privateer was a private warship authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Strictly, a privateer was only entitled by its state to attack and rob enemy vessels during wartime. Privateers were part of naval warfare of some nations from the 16th to the 19th century. Privateer | |
| Mail Mail, or post, is a method for transmitting information and tangible objects, wherein written documents, typically enclosed in envelopes and also small packages are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. | |
| Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak , is a government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 to provide intercity passenger train service in the United States. "Amtrak" is a portmanteau of the words "American" and "track".All of Amtrak's preferred stock is owned by the U.S. Amtrak | |
| Corporate welfare Corporate welfare is a term describing a government's bestowal of money grants, tax breaks, or other special favorable treatment on corporations or select corporations. The term compares corporate subsidies and welfare payments to the poor, and implies that corporations are much less needy of such treatment than the poor. Corporate_welfare | |
| Government-granted monopoly In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a "de jure monopoly") is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement. Government-granted_monopoly | |
| Acid rain Talk:Acid_rain | |
| Thomas Szasz Thomas Stephen Szasz (pronounced Sass); born April 15, 1920 in Budapest, Hungary) is a psychiatrist and academic. Since 1990 he is Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, New York. He is a prominent figure in the antipsychiatry movement, a well-known social critic of the moral and scientific foundations of psychiatry, and of the social control aims of medicine in modern society, as well as of scientism. Thomas_Szasz | |
| Socialized medicine Socialized medicine is a term used primarily in the United States to refer to certain kinds of publicly-funded health care. The term is used most frequently, and often pejoratively, in the U.S. political debate concerning health care. Jonathan Oberlander, a professor of health policy at the University of North Carolina, maintains that the term does not mean anything at all. Socialized_medicine | |
| Line-item veto In government, the line-item veto is the power of an executive to nullify or cancel specific provisions of a bill, usually budget appropriations, without vetoing the entire legislative package. The line-item vetoes are usually subject to the possibility of legislative override as are traditional vetoes. Line-item_veto | |
| Joseph Stiglitz Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University. He is a recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2001). He is also the former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank. Joseph_Stiglitz | |
| Poverty Poverty is the shortage of common things such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water, all of which determine the quality of life. It may also include the lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment which aid the escape from poverty and/or allow one to enjoy the respect of fellow citizens. According to Mollie Orshansky who developed the poverty measurements used by the U.S. government, "to be poor is to be deprived of those goods and Poverty | |
| Political corruption Talk:Political_corruption | |
| Informal sector informal sector is economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product (GNP); as opposed to a formal economy.Although the informal economy is often associated with developing countries The English idioms "under the table" and "off the books" typically refer to this type of economy. The term black market refers to a specific subset of the informal economy in which contraband is traded Informal_sector | |
| Economic growth Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Growth is usually calculated in real terms, i.e. Economic_growth | |
| United States Department of Education The United States Department of Education also referred to as ED, for Education Department is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. Created by the Department of Education Organization Act (Public Law 96-88), it was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 17, 1979 and began operating on May 4, 1980. United_States_Department_of_Education | |
| Tobacco smoking Tobacco smoking is the practice where tobacco is burned and the vapors either tasted or inhaled. The practice began as early as 5000-3000 BC. Tobacco_smoking | |
| Big Business Big Business is a term used to describe large corporations, in either an individual or collective sense. The term first came into use in a symbolic sense subsequent to the American Civil War, particularly after 1880, in connection with the combination movement that began in American business at that time. Organizations that fall into the category of "big business" include ExxonMobil, Wal-Mart, Google, Microsoft, General Motors, Citigroup and Arcelor Mittal. Big_Business | |
| Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency | |
| Stare decisis Stare decisis (Abbreviation of the Latin:Stare decisis et non quieta movere / English:In the United States, which uses a common law system in its federal courts and most of its state courts, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has statedStare decisis is the policy of the court to stand by precedent; the term is but an abbreviation of stare decisis et quieta non movere — "to stand by and adhere to decisions and not disturb what is settled." Stare_decisis | |
| Lysander Spooner Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 May 14, 1887) was an American individualist anarchist, entrepreneur, political philosopher, abolitionist, supporter of the labor movement, and legal theorist of the nineteenth century. He is also known for competing with the U.S. Lysander_Spooner | |
| Carter Doctrine Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region. Carter_Doctrine | |
| Reagan Doctrine Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to oppose the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. While the doctrine lasted less than a decade, it was the centerpiece of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.Under the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. Reagan_Doctrine | |
| United States antitrust law United States antitrust law is the body of laws that prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopoly) and unfair business practices. Antitrust laws are designed to encourage competition in the marketplace. competition laws make illegal certain practices deemed to hurt businesses or consumers or both, or generally to violate standards of ethical behavior. United_States_antitrust_law | |
| Price fixing Price fixing is an agreement between business competitors to sell the same product or service at the same price. profits for all the sellers. Price-fixing can also involve any agreement to fix, peg, discount or stabilize prices. The principal feature is any agreement on price, whether expressed or implied. For the buyer, meanwhile, the practice results in a phenomenon similar to price gouging. Price_fixing | |
| Neoliberalism Neoliberalism is a label for new, or recent (neo) economic liberalism used by adherents and critics of the doctrine alike. The central principle of neoliberal policy is free markets and free trade. The prime global advocate is the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris, whose self-defined trade and commerce mandate is to break down barriers to international trade and investment so that all countries can benefit from improved living standards through increased trade and investment flows. Neoliberalism | |
| Title IX Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, now known as the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in honor of its principal author, but more commonly known simply as Title IX, is a United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states Title_IX | |
| Nuclear warfare Talk:Nuclear_warfare | |
| Exploitation The term "exploitation" may carry two distinct meanings The act of using something for any purpose. In this case, exploit is a synonym for use. The act of using something in an unjust or cruel manner. It is this meaning of exploitation which is discussed below. Exploitation | |
| Child labour Child labour, or child labor, refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries. Child labour was utilized to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the beginning of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during industrialization, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers' and children's rights. Child_labour | |
| Education in the United States Education_in_the_United_States | |
| Annandale, Virginia Annandale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 54,994 at the 2000 census. Annandale,_Virginia | |
| Federal Marriage Amendment The Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA) (also referred to by proponents as the Marriage Protection Amendment) was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution which would have limited marriage in the United States to unions of one man and one woman. The FMA would also have prevented judicial extension of marriage rights to same-sex or other unmarried couples, as well as preventing polygamy. Federal_Marriage_Amendment | |
| SWAT A SWAT (special weapons and tactics) team is an elite tactical unit in American and some international police departments. They are trained to perform high-risk operations that fall outside of the abilities of regular officers, including serving high-risk arrest warrants, barricaded suspects, hostage rescue, counter-terrorism, and engaging heavily-armed criminals. SWAT | |
| Drug Enforcement Administration The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice, tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the U.S. Not only is the DEA the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the drug policy of the United States (sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation), it also has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad. Drug_Enforcement_Administration | |
| Cato Institute The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C.The Institute's stated mission is "to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace" by striving "to achieve greater involvement of the intelligent, lay public in questions of (public) policy and the proper role of government." Cato_Institute |
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