| Global warming controversy The global warming controversy is a dispute regarding the nature, causes, and consequences of global warming. The disputed issues include the causes of increased global average air temperature, especially since the mid-20th century, whether this warming trend is unprecedented or within normal climatic variations, and whether the increase is wholly or partially an artifact of poor measurements. Global_warming_controversy
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| Hardware Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware.Hardware historically meant the metal parts and fittings that were used to make wooden products stronger, more functional, longer lasting and easier to fabricate or assemble. Hardware
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| History of physics Physics is the science of matter and its behaviour and motion. It is one of the oldest scientific disciplines. The first written work of physics with that title was Aristotle's Physics.Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. History_of_physics
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| Human rights Human rights refer to the "basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled." Examples of rights and freedoms which have come to be commonly thought of as human rights include civil and political rights, such as the right to life and liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law; and economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to participate in culture, the right to food, the right to work, and the right to education. Human_rights
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| History of France The history of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments. The dynasty and regime articles deal with the specific political and governmental regimes in France. History_of_France
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| Hard science fiction Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific or technical detail, or on scientific accuracy, or on both. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell, Jr.'s Islands of Space in Astounding Science Fiction. Hard_science_fiction
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| Heraclius Heraclius
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| History of Christianity Talk:History_of_Christianity
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| Human sexual behavior Human sexual behavior or human sexual practices or human sexual activities refers to the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality. It encompasses a wide range of activities, such as strategies to find or attract partners (mating and display behavior), interactions between individuals, physical or emotional intimacy, and sexual contact.The term sexual activity can refer both to acts involving two or more people - as in sexual intercourse or oral sex- and to masturbation. Human_sexual_behavior
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| History of science Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, explanation, and adequate prediction of real world phenomena by experiment. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. History_of_science
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| International Phonetic Alphabet International_Phonetic_Alphabet
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| International English International English is the concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects, and also the movement towards an international standard for the language. It is also referred to as Global English, World English, Common English, or General English. Sometimes these terms refer simply to the array of varieties of English spoken throughout the world. International_English
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| Islamism Islamism (Islam+ism; Arabic:al-'islāmiyya) is a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system; that modern Muslims must return to their roots of their religion, and unite politically.Islamism is a controversial term and definitions of it sometimes vary. Islamism
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| Joseph Stalin Joseph_Stalin
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| Jaguar The jaguar, Panthera onca, is a big cat, a feline in the Panthera genus. It is the only Panthera species found in the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest and most powerful feline in the Western Hemisphere. Jaguar
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| Jet stream Jet streams, or just jets in context, are fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmosphere of planets at the tropopause, the transition between the troposphere (where temperature decreases with height) and the stratosphere (where temperature increases with height). Jet_stream
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| Karachi (, Karāchi) is the largest city, main seaport and the financial capital of Pakistan and the capital of the province of Sindh. It is the () largest city of the world in terms of metropolitan population, and is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, and trade. Karachi
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| Kosovo Kosovo
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| Louvre The Musée du Louvre or officially the Grand Louvre — in English, the Louvre Museum or Great Louvre, or simply the Louvre — is the national museum of France, the most visited museum in the world, and a historic monument. It is a central landmark of Paris, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighbourhood). Louvre
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| Lift (force) fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it. If the fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. Lift is defined to be the component of this force which is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is is defined to be the component of the aerodynamic force parallel to the flow direction. An airfoil is a streamlined shape that is capable of generating significantly more lift than drag. Lift_(force)
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| Lise Meitner Lise Meitner (7 or 17 November 1878 Austrian-born, later Swedish physicist who studied radioactivity and nuclear physics. Lise_Meitner
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| Liverpool F.C. Liverpool Football Club is a professional association football club based in Liverpool, England. The club plays in the Premier League, and has won more trophies than any other English club. The club has won a joint-record eighteen league titles, seven FA Cups and seven League Cups. Liverpool_F.C.
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| League of Nations mandate League of Nations mandate refers to a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League. League_of_Nations_mandate
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| Latino The demonyms Latino and Latina (feminine), are defined in English language dictionaries as "a person of Latin-American or Spanish-speaking descent." "A Latin American." "A person of Hispanic, especially Latin-American, descent" Latino
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| History of the Republic of Macedonia This article is about the history of the territory of Southeast European country. For an overview of the wider Macedonian region see History of the Region of Macedonia. History_of_the_Republic_of_Macedonia
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| Mesozoic The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. The division of time into eras dates back to Giovanni Arduino, in the 18th century, although his original name for the era now called the "Mesozoic" was "Secondary" (making everything after, including the modern era, the "Tertiary"; the current term Quaternary was later proposed for the modern era, following the same numbering principle). Mesozoic
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| Middle East Middle East (or, formerly more common, the Near East) is a region that spans southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The term "Middle East" was popularized around 1900 in the United Kingdom. The corresponding adjective to Middle East is Middle-Eastern and the derived noun is Middle-Easterner. Middle_East
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| Mental disorder A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental disorders has changed over time and across cultures. Mental_disorder
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| Mao Zedong Mao Zedong (Tse-tung) (Simplified Chinese:Traditional Chinese:Wade-Giles:Mao Tse-tung; Pinyin:Máo Zédōng) (26 December 18939 September 1976) was a Chinese Communist leader. Mao led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War, and was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Mao_Zedong
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| Musique concrète Musique concrète (French for "concrete music" or "real music"), is a form of electroacoustic music that utilises acousmatic sound as a compositional resource. The compositional material is not restricted to the inclusion of sonorities derived from musical instruments or voices, nor to elements traditionally thought of as "musical" (melody, harmony, rhythm, metre and so on). The theoretical underpinnings of the aesthetic were developed by Pierre Schaeffer, beginning in the late 1940s. Musique_concrète
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| Methodism Methodism is a movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to Reverend John Wesley's evangelical and revival movement in the Anglican Church. Methodism
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| Marie Curie Marie Skłodowska Curie (November 7, 1867 physicist and chemist of Polish upbringing and, subsequently, French citizenship. She was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes, and the first female professor at the University of Paris.She was born Maria Skłodowska in Warsaw (then Vistula Country, Russian Empire; now Poland) and lived there until she was 24. Marie_Curie
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| Malaria Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Each year, there are approximately 350–500 million cases of malaria, killing between one and three million people, the majority of whom are young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria
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| Musicology Musicology (Greek:μουσική = "music" and λόγος = "word" or "reason") is the scholarly study of music. The word is used in narrow, broad and intermediate senses. In the narrow sense, musicology is confined to the music history of Western culture. In the intermediate sense, it includes all relevant cultures and a range of musical forms, styles, genres and traditions. Musicology
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| Musical theatre Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. The emotional content of the piecepathos, love, angermusicals".Musicals are performed all around the world. They may be presented in large venues, such as big budget West End and Broadway theatre productions in London and New York City, or in smaller Fringe Theatre, Off-Broadway or regional productions, on tour, or by amateur groups in schools, theatres and other performance spaces. Musical_theatre
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| Monophyly In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a clade, consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly. Monophyly
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| Northern Ireland Northern_Ireland
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| New Zealand English New Zealand English (NZE, en-NZ) is the form of the English language used in New Zealand.The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century. The most distinctive influences on New Zealand English have come from southern England, Scottish English and the indigenous Māori language. New_Zealand_English
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| New Zealand English/Archive 1 Talk:New_Zealand_English/Archive_1
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| Nahuatl Nahuatl (, stress being on the first syllable) is a group of related languages and dialects of the Nahuan (traditionally called "Aztecan") branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Collectively they are spoken by an estimated Nahua people, most of whom live in Central Mexico. Nahuatl
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| Neoproterozoic The Neoproterozoic Era is the unit of geologic time from 1,000 to 542.0 ± 1.0 million years ago. The terminal Era of the formal Proterozoic Eon (or the informal "Precambrian"), it is further subdivided into the Tonian, Cryogenian, and Ediacaran Periods. The most severe glaciation known in the geologic record occurred during the Cryogenian, when ice sheets reached the equator and formed a possible "Snowball Earth". Neoproterozoic
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| Olive oil Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The wild olive tree originated in Asia Minor and spread from there as far as southern Africa, Australia, Japan and China. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps. Olive oil is used throughout the world, but especially in the Mediterranean. Olive_oil
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| Omega-3 fatty acid n−3 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−3 fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon–carbon double bond in the n−3 position; that is, the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.Important nutritionally-essential n−3 fatty acids areα-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), all of which are polyunsaturated. Omega-3_fatty_acid
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| Orchidaceae Orchidaceae (or Orchid family) is the largest family of the flowering plants (Angiospermae). Its name is derived from the genus Orchis.The Royal Botanical Gardens of Kew list 880 genera and nearly 22,000 accepted species, but the exact number is unknown (perhaps as many as 25,000) because of taxonomic disputes. Orchidaceae
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| Orange Alternative Orange Alternative (Pomarańczowa Alternatywa) is a name for an underground protest movement which was started in Wrocław, a town in south-west Poland and led by Waldemar Fydrych (sometimes misspelled as Frydrych), commonly known as Major (Commander of the Festung Breslau) in the 1980s. Its main purpose was to offer a wider group of citizens an alternative way of opposition against the communist regime by means of a peaceful protest that used absurd and nonsensical elements. Orange_Alternative
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| Plato For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation). Plato
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| Philosophy of religion Philosophy of religion is a branch of philosophy that asks questions about religion. As with all philosophies, the topics at hand are generated by those who participate. In the philosophy of religion, these may include but are not limited to the nature and existence of God, religious language, miracles, prayer, the problem of evil, and how religion and other value-systems such as ethics interrelate. Philosophy_of_religion
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| Paleontology Paleontology (Britishpalaeontology) is the study of prehistoric life, including organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). As a "historical science" it tries to explain causes rather than conduct experiments to observe effects. Paleontology
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| Plato Talk:Plato
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| Pandemic A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" + δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region; for instance a continent, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Pandemic
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