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English Wikipedia references for Ac.ru 21-40 of 323
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| Genetic algorithm genetic algorithm (GA) is a search technique used in computing to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Genetic algorithms are categorized as global search heuristics. Genetic algorithms are a particular class of evolutionary algorithms(EA) that use techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as inheritance, mutation, selection, and crossover (also called recombination). Genetic_algorithm | |
| Shot noise = sqrt{N}where N is the average number of photons collected. When N is very large, the signal-to-noise ratio is very large as well. It can be seen that photon noise becomes more important when the number of photons collected is small. Shot_noise | |
| Big Bang nucleosynthesis In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (or primordial nucleosynthesis) refers to the production of nuclei other than those of H-1 (i.e. the normal, light isotope of hydrogen, whose nuclei consist of a single proton each) during the early phases of the universe. Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis | |
| Microsatellite Microsatellites, or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), are polymorphic loci present in nuclear and organellar DNA that consist of repeating units of 1-6 base pairs in length. They are typically neutral, co-dominant and are used as molecular markers which have wide-ranging applications in the field of genetics, including kinship and population studies. Microsatellites can also be used to study gene dosage (looking for duplications or deletions of a particular genetic region). Microsatellite | |
| Led Zeppelin (album) Led Zeppelin is the debut album of English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was recorded in October 1968 at Olympic Studios in London and released on Atlantic Records on 12 January 1969. The album featured integral contributions from each of the group's four musicians and established Led Zeppelin's fusion of blues and rock. Led Zeppelin also created a large and devoted following for the band, with their unique heavy metal sound endearing them to a section of the counterculture on both sides of the Atlantic. Led_Zeppelin_(album) | |
| Penrose tiling A Penrose tiling is a nonperiodic tiling generated by an aperiodic set of prototiles named after Sir Roger Penrose, who investigated these sets in the 1970s. reflection symmetry and fivefold rotational symmetry, as in the diagram at the right, and the term Penrose tiling usually refers to them.A Penrose tiling has many remarkable properties, most notably It is nonperiodic, which means that it lacks any translational symmetry. Penrose_tiling | |
| The Yardbirds The Yardbirds are an English rock band, noted for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous guitaristsEric Clapton, Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page, all of whom were in the top fifteen of Rolling Stone's Legendary 100 Top Guitarists list (Clapton as #4, Page as #9, and Beck as #14.) The_Yardbirds | |
| Gravitational lens A gravitational lens is formed when the light from a very distant, bright source (such as a quasar) is "bent" around a massive object (such as a cluster of galaxies) between the source object and the observer. The process is known as gravitational lensing, and is one of the predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. Gravitational_lens | |
| Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin II is the second studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released 22 October 1969 on Atlantic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at several locations in the United Kingdom and North America from January to August 1969. Led_Zeppelin_II | |
| Led Zeppelin III Led Zeppelin III is the third album by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was recorded between January and July 1970 and was released on 5 October 1970 by Atlantic Records. Composed largely at a remote cottage in Wales known as Bron-Yr-Aur, this work represented a maturing of the band's music towards a greater emphasis on folk and acoustic sounds. Led_Zeppelin_III | |
| Led Zeppelin IV The untitled fourth album by English rock band Led Zeppelin was released on 8 November 1971. It has no official title printed anywhere on the album, and is generally referred to as Led Zeppelin IV after the band's previous three numbered albums. Atlantic Records catalogs have used the names Four Symbols and The Fourth Album. Led_Zeppelin_IV | |
| Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti is the sixth album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. It is a double album which was released on 24 February 1975. Recording sessions for the album were initially disrupted when John Paul Jones considered leaving the band. After reuniting at Headley Grange, the band wrote and recorded eight songs, the combined length of which stretched the album beyond the typical length of an LP. Physical_Graffiti | |
| Butane Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. Butane is also used as a collective term for n-butane together with its only other isomer, isobutane (also called methylpropane), CH(CH3)3.Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, odorless, easily liquefied gases. The name butane comes from the roots but- (from butyric acid) and -ane. Butane | |
| Bohm interpretation The Bohm or Bohmian interpretation of quantum mechanics, which Bohm called the causal, or later, the ontological interpretation, is an interpretation postulated by David Bohm in 1952 as an alternative to the standard Copenhagen interpretation. The Bohm interpretation grew out of the search for an alternative model based on the assumption of hidden variables. Bohm_interpretation | |
| Interpretation of quantum mechanics An interpretation of quantum mechanics is a statement which attempts to explain how quantum mechanics informs our understanding of nature. Although quantum mechanics has received thorough experimental testing, many of these experiments are open to different interpretations. There exist a number of contending schools of thought, differing over whether quantum mechanics can be understood to be deterministic, which elements of quantum mechanics can be considered "real", and other matters. Interpretation_of_quantum_mechanics | |
| Edward Witten Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. He is one of the world's leading researchers in superstring theory. He has made extensive contributions to theoretical physics, and in 1990 he was awarded the Fields Medal for his influence on the development of mathematics. Edward_Witten | |
| Newton's laws of motion Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that form the basis for classical mechanics. They are Newton's_laws_of_motion | |
| Monte Carlo method Monte Carlo methods are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. Monte Carlo methods are often used when simulating physical and mathematical systems. Because of their reliance on repeated computation and random or pseudo-random numbers, Monte Carlo methods are most suited to calculation by a computer. Monte Carlo methods tend to be used when it is unfeasible or impossible to compute an exact result with a deterministic algorithm. Monte_Carlo_method | |
| Bell's theorem Bell's theorem is a no-go theorem, loosely stating thatIt is the most famous legacy of the late physicist John S. Bell. The theorem has important implications for physics itself and philosophy of science as well. Physically, Bell's theorem proves that local hidden variable theories cannot remove the statistical nature of quantum mechanics. Philosophically, Bell's theorem implies that if quantum mechanics is correct, the universe is not locally deterministic. Bell's_theorem | |
| Grover's algorithm Grover's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for searching an unsorted database with N entries in O(N1/2) time and using O(logN) storage space (see big O notation). It was invented by Lov Grover in 1996.In models of classical computation, searching an unsorted database cannot be done in less than linear time (so merely searching through every item is optimal). Grover's_algorithm |
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