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English Wikipedia references for Doi.org 451-500 of 78187
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| Centrifugal force (rotating reference frame) In classical mechanics, centrifugal force is an outward force associated with curved motion, that is, rotation about some (possibly not stationary) center. Centrifugal force is one of several so-called pseudo-forces (also known as inertial forces), so named because, unlike fundamental forces, they do not originate in interactions with other bodies situated in the environment of the particle upon which they act. Centrifugal_force_(rotating_reference_frame) | |
| Computational complexity theory Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in computer science that investigates the problems related to the resources required to run algorithms, and the inherent difficulty in providing algorithms that are efficient for both general and specific computational problems. Computational_complexity_theory | |
| Craig Venter J. Craig Venter (born John Craig Venter October 14, 1946, Salt Lake City, Utah) is an American biologist and businessman. Venter founded The Institute for Genomic Research and has been credited with being instrumental in mapping the human genome. His for-profit efforts used public domain data generated by the Human Genome Project, but could be used to generate high quality data on their own. He was listed on Time Magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. Craig_Venter | |
| Casimir effect physics, the Casimir effect and the Casimir-Polder force are physical forces arising from a quantized field. The typical example is of two uncharged metallic plates in a vacuum, placed a few micrometers apart, without any external electromagnetic field. In a classical description, the lack of an external field also means that there is no field between the plates, and no force would be measured between them. Casimir_effect | |
| Foreign policy of the United States The foreign policy of the United States is the policy by which the United States interacts with foreign nations. United States foreign policy is highly influential on the world stage, as it is the only remaining superpower. The global reach of the United States is backed by a 13 trillion dollar economy, the largest in the world of all countries formally recognized by the United States for which data is available is here; the military expenditures for said countries is available here; and the political details are available on the main United States page here here. Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States | |
| Corsican language Corsican (Corsu or Lingua Corsa) is a continuum of Romance languages spoken and written on the islands of Corsica (France) and northern Sardinia (Italy), alongside French and Italian, which are the official languages. Corsu is the traditional native language of the Corsican people, and was long the sole language of the island, which was acquired by France in 1768. Corsican_language | |
| Cauchy–Riemann equations mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann differential equations in complex analysis, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations that provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a differentiable function to be holomorphic in an open set. Cauchy–Riemann_equations | |
| Cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with cholera vibrios from other cholera patients. The major reservoir for cholera was long assumed to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists that aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria. Cholera | |
| Calculator A calculator is a device for performing mathematical calculations, distinguished from a computer by having a limited problem solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive calculation rather than programming. Calculators can be hardware or software, and mechanical or electronic, and are often built into devices such as PDAs or mobile phones. Calculator | |
| Collagen helix collagen, the collagen helix, or type 2 helix, is a major shape in secondary structure. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine - proline - hydroxyproline. steric repulsion due to the pyrrolidone rings of proline and hydroxyproline residues. Collagen_helix | |
| Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Liquor cerebrospinalis, is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. Essentially, the brain "floats" in it.More specifically, the CSF occupies the space between the arachnoid mater (the middle layer of the brain cover, meninges) and the pia mater (the layer of the meninges closest to the brain). Cerebrospinal_fluid | |
| Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a malformed collection of blood vessels within the brain, characterized by tangle(s) of veins and arteries. While an arteriovenous malformation can occur elsewhere in the body, this article discusses malformations found in the brain. Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation | |
| Committee on Data for Science and Technology CODATA (Committee on Data for Science and Technology) was established in 1966 as an interdisciplinary committee of the International Council of Science (ICSU), formerly the International Council of Scientific Unions. It seeks to improve the compilation, critical evaluation, storage, and retrieval of data of importance to science and technology.The CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants was established in 1969. Committee_on_Data_for_Science_and_Technology | |
| Centriole centriole is a barrel-shaped organelle found in most animal eukaryotic cells, though absent in higher plants and most fungi. The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton). Deviations from this structure include Drosophila melanogaster embryos, with nine doublets, and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos, with nine singlets. Centriole | |
| Creation science Creation science or scientific creationism is the movement within creationism which attempts to provide support for the religious Genesis account of creation, and disprove accepted scientific facts, theories and scientific paradigms on the history of the Earth, cosmology and biological evolution. Creation_science | |
| Cocaine Cocaine | |
| Coprophagia Coprophagia is the consumption of feces, from the Greek κόπρος copros ("feces") and φαγεῖν phagein ("to eat"). Many animal species practice coprophagia as a matter of course; other species do not normally consume feces but may do so under unusual conditions. Coprophagia | |
| Controlled Substances Act The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain substances is regulated. The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Controlled_Substances_Act | |
| Clairvoyance The term Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning " vision") is used to refer to the ability to gain information about an object, person, location or physical event through means other than the known human senses, a form of extra-sensory perception. A person said to have the ability of clairvoyance is referred to as a clairvoyant ("one who sees clearly"). Clairvoyance | |
| Chiropractic Chiropractic is a health care approach and profession that emphasizes diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the hypothesis that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system. Chiropractic | |
| Corporatism Corporatism is a system of economic, political, and social organization where corporate groups or interest groups, such as business, ethnic, farmer, labour, military, or patronage groups, are joined together under a common governing jurisdiction to try to achieve societal harmony and promote coordinated development. Corporatism | |
| Challenger Deep Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed point in the oceans, with a depth of approximately . The error of measurement is less than a hundred metres. It is located in the Mariana Islands group at the southern end of the Mariana Trench. The closest land is Fais Island (one of the outer islands of Yap), southwest, and Guam, to the northeast. The point is named after the British Royal Navy survey ship HMS Challenger of 1872–76. Challenger_Deep | |
| Cavitation Cavitation is the formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapor pressure. Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behaviorshock wave. Such cavitation often occurs in pumps, propellers, impellers, and in the vascular tissues of plants. Noninertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some fo Cavitation | |
| Colin Maclaurin Colin Maclaurin (February, 1698 June 14, 1746) was a British mathematician. Due to changes in orthography since that time (his name was originally rendered as e.g. "M'Laurine"), his surname is alternatively written MacLaurin. In Gaelic the name is "Cailean MacLabhruinn", which is literally 'Colin, the son of Laurence.' Colin_Maclaurin | |
| Common Chimpanzee The Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also known as the Robust Chimpanzee, is a great ape. The name troglodytes, Greek for 'cave-dweller', was coined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in his Handbuch der Naturgeschichte (Handbook of Natural History) published in 1779. Colloquially, it is often called the chimpanzee (or simply 'chimp'), though technically this term refers to both species in the genus Pan:Bonobo, or Pygmy Chimpanzee. Common_Chimpanzee | |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), known also as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy (HMSN), Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy (HSMN), or Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, is a heterogeneous inherited disorder of nerves (neuropathy) that is characterized by loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation, predominantly in the feet and legs but also in the hands and arms in the advanced stages of disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth_disease | |
| Central pontine myelinolysis Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurologic disease caused by severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the area termed the pons. It can also occur outside the pons. The term "osmotic demyelinization syndrome" is similar to "central pontine myelinolysis", but also includes areas outside the pons. Central_pontine_myelinolysis | |
| Dune In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by aeolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Most kinds of dune are longer on the windward side where the sand is pushed up the dune, and a shorter "slip face" in the lee of the wind. The "valley" or trough between dunes is called a slack. A "dune field" is an area covered by extensive sand dunes. Large dune fields are known as ergs. Dune | |
| Dravidian languages The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages , spoken by around 200 million people. They are mainly spoken in southern India and parts of eastern and central India as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, and overseas in other countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. Dravidian_languages | |
| David Hume David Hume (7 May 1711 Scottish philosopher, economist, historian and a key figure in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. Hume is often grouped with John Locke, George Berkeley, and a handful of others as a British Empiricist.During Hume's lifetime, he was more famous as a historian; his six-volume History of England was a bestseller well into the nineteenth century and the standard work on English history for many years --while his works in philosophy for which he owes current reputation was mostly unknown during his day. David_Hume | |
| Dictionary A dictionary is a book or collection of words in a specific language, often listed alphabetically, with definitions, etymologies, pronunciations, and other information; or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon. Dictionary | |
| Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR). The game is currently published by Wizards of the Coast, a subsidiary of Hasbro. It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule system. Dungeons_&_Dragons | |
| DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints or a recipe, or a code, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. DNA | |
| Data Encryption Standard The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher (a form of shared secret encryption) that was selected by the National Bureau of Standards as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1976 and which has subsequently enjoyed widespread use internationally. Data_Encryption_Standard | |
| Dianetics Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit, mind and body that were developed by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard, and practiced by followers of Scientology. Hubbard coined Dianetics from the Greek stems dia, meaning through, and nous, meaning mind. Dianetics posits the existence of a mind with three parts Dianetics | |
| Devonian The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era spanning from . It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.During the Devonian Period, which occurred in the Paleozoic era, the first fish evolved legsand started to walk on land as tetrapods around 365 Ma. Various terrestrial arthropods also became well-established. Devonian | |
| Dentistry Dentistry is the known evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the soft and hard tissues of the jaw (mandible), the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely considered necessary for complete overall health. Other people aiding in oral health service include dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists. Dentistry | |
| Disease A disease or medical condition is symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as invading organisms, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In human beings, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. Disease | |
| Diamond Diamond | |
| Dysprosium Dysprosium () is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Like most other lanthanoids, dysprosium forms compounds in a single oxidation state, +3, and most of its compounds are soluble in water. Dysprosium | |
| Digitalis Digitalis | |
| Timeline of chemical elements discoveries Given is each element's name, atomic number, year of first report, name of the discoverer, and some notes related to the discovery. Timeline_of_chemical_elements_discoveries | |
| Dilation and curettage Dilation (dilatation) and curettage literally refers to the dilation (opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of the contents of the uterus. It is a therapeutic gynecological procedure as well as a rarely used method of first trimester abortion. It is commonly referred to as a DD&C normally refers to a procedure involving a curette, also called sharp curettage. Dilation_and_curettage | |
| Dorians The Dorians (, Dōrieis, singular , Dōrieus) were one of the three major tribes into which the ancient Greeks divided themselves. Herodotus gave the earliest historical expression of a three-fold division"... those who dwell in our land are called Ionians, Aeolians and Dorians." Dorians | |
| Death Death is the permanent termination of the biological functions that define a living organism. It refers to both a particular event and to the condition that results thereby. The true nature of the latter has for millennia been a central concern of the world's religious traditions and of philosophical enquiry. Death | |
| Dissociation constant In chemistry and biochemistry, a dissociation constant is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt ions. The dissociation constant is usually denoted and is the inverse association constant. In the special case of salts, the dissociation constant can also be called an ionization constant. Dissociation_constant | |
| Dimensional analysis Dimensional analysis is a conceptual tool often applied in physics, chemistry, and engineering to understand physical situations involving certain physical quantities. It is routinely used by mathematicians, statisticians, physical scientists and engineers to check the plausibility of derived equations and computations. Dimensional_analysis | |
| 22q11.2 deletion syndrome 22q11.2_deletion_syndrome | |
| Diffusion pump Diffusion pumps use a high speed jet of vapor to direct gas molecules in the pump throat down into the bottom of the pump and out the exhaust. Presented in 1915 by Wolfgang Gaede and using mercury vapor, they were the first type of high vacuum pumps operating in the regime of free molecular flow, where the movement of the gas molecules can be better understood as diffusion than by conventional fluid dynamics. Diffusion_pump | |
| Distillation Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. Distillation |
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